导读
All Papers
1. MicroRNAs unveiled: Nobel recognition of a revolutionary gene regulation mechanism
通讯作者：申恩志
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honored Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their groundbreaking discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. Initially identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, miRNAs were later found to be conserved across species and play crucial roles in development, immune response, and disease. miRNAs are transcribed as pri-miRNAs, processed into pre-miRNAs by Drosha/DGCR8, and matured by Dicer in the cytoplasm. They regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through seed sequences, influencing processes like cell differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and metabolic conditions, making them promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Beyond miRNAs, the Nobel recognition has spurred interest in other small RNAs, such as piRNAs and siRNAs, which also contribute to gene regulation and genome integrity. Future research will continue to explore the diverse roles of small RNAs and their potential applications in medicine and agriculture.
引用：
Xue J, Zhang G, Shen E. MicroRNAs unveiled: Nobel recognition of a revolutionary gene regulation mechanism.hLife2024; 3: 1–4.
2. Altitude adaptation: The unseen work of gut microbiota
hLife | 高原适应新视角：肠道菌群的作用及潜力
通讯作者：毕玉晶，杨瑞馥
本文系统综述了肠道菌群与高原适应方向的研究进展，以期为改善高原反应提供理论支撑。
引用：
Guo J, Zhao R, Li K, et al. Altitude adaptation: The unseen work of gut microbiota.hLife2024; 3: 5–20.
3. Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1+stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA
通讯作者：Vladimir Majerciak
Transfected plasmid DNA induces stress granule (SG) formation.
Transfected plasmid DNA induces cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) condensates (cGC) and interferon responses.
Transfected plasmid DNA induced SG and cGC are mutually exclusive.
Inhibition of SG promotes transgene expression.
引用：
Majerciak V, Zheng ZM. Induction of translation-suppressive G3BP1+ stress granules and interferon-signaling cGAS condensates by transfected plasmid DNA.hLife2024; 3: 21–37.
4.DrosophilaCul3 contributes to Diap2-mediated innate immune signaling for antimicrobial defense
hLife | Cul3/Diap2/Dredd免疫防御调节轴：为相关疾病治疗提供新思路
通讯作者：蔡清爽，计山明
本研究深入探究了Cullin家族蛋白Cul3在果蝇抗菌免疫防御中的功能及分子机制。鉴于Cullin家族蛋白和先天免疫信号通路在果蝇和哺乳动物中的高保守性，此项研究将对临床上相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。
引用：
Kong F, Wang Z, Zhang C, et al.DrosophilaCul3 contributes to Diap2-mediated innate immune signaling for antimicrobial defense.hLife2024; 3: 38–51.
5. Diversity of reverse-transcriptase-containing viruses through global metagenomics
hLife | 病毒逆转录酶：从进化到功能的深度解析
通讯作者：梁彦韬，Andrew McMinn，汪岷
该研究对病毒逆转录酶的系统挖掘和全面分析揭示了它们在进化和功能方面的多样性，有助于推动发展新型遗传工具和药物靶点。该研究加深了我们对环境中病毒-微生物相互作用的理解，以及病毒对人类肠道微生物群落稳态的贡献。
引用：
Zheng K, Liang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Diversity of reverse-transcriptase-containing viruses through global metagenomics.hLife2024; 3: 52–56.
