共享空间才是解决社区生活问题的根本所在

La Courneuve 71社会住房楼

71 Social Housing Units La Courneuve / JTB.architecture + MaO architectes

来自建筑事务所的描述。如果没有对社区的文化、经济以及对城市和建筑方面的期望进行详细分析，就无法在该项目场地上设计建造新社区住宅。建筑师避免了这里原来就存在的问题，因为过去的开发没有考虑一些潜在的问题，例如对景观的占用会对居民的生活质量产生影响。这种问题通过对新建筑的空间布局来解决，使居民能够适应自己的住宅和居住环境。方案为社区提供了新特征，同时整合了项目各个方面缺失的多样特征。

Text description provided by the architects. Building on the Cité de 4000 estate could not be undertaken without a detailed analysis of the community, cultural, economic, urban and architectural expectations. It should avoid the existing failures linked to past developments that don’t consider the potential landscape and its appropriation by residents. This concern is reflected in the spatial layout of new buildings so that the residents appropriate their homes and living environment. The proposal gives a new identity to the neighbourhood while integrating this diversity currently missing at all scales of the project.

街区的异质性为城市构成了多种的“天际线”，这有效避免了街区空间的单调。建筑师在基地上安排了不同尺度的建筑体块，为住宅单元创造最大化的视野，同时将空白区最大程度缩小，在各个体量之间构成共同的可见性。场地建筑体量的设计为住宅单元和中央花园提供了充足的阳光，夏季和冬季的舒适性是建筑布局中的决定性因素，因此建筑师优化了墙体的热工性能，使用环保的方法进行设计与建造。项目中住宅单元朝向不同的方向，所以项目没有背立面，也没有空白山墙。

The heterogeneity of the blocks provides the cityscape with a multi-faceted «skyline» that avoids monotony and blocksiting on the streets. The different volumes are located on the site to create a maximum of vistas for the housing units while creating a minimum of blanks, co- visibility between them or with their surroundings. The configuration of the volumes on the site generates generous sunlight provision to the housing units and the central garden. Summer and winter comfort is a determining factor in the building layout to optimise the thermal performance of walls and to build with an environmental approach. Siting provides housing units with different orientations and thus provides no rear elevation nor blank gables.

无论是Henri Barbusse大道的一侧还是面向Grand Verlaine大道一侧的商业区，两次的退距让更多的阳光与自然空气进入整个地块。它们在公共空间和街区中心之间创造了一个空腔，从而也构成远景，在城市和共享社区空间之间建立了联系。

Two setbacks also bring air and more daylight to the entire block, either from Avenue Henri Barbusse or from the mall towards the Grand Verlaine. They create a porosity between public spaces and the block centre, promote vistas and weave links between the city and the shared community spaces.

项目呈现了两种清晰有特点的类型，分别是建筑单体和叠加的联排别墅。这两种空间的连接通过空腔而建立，这种连续一直持续到场地的边界。这些原则根据一个简单的结构而形成，它表达了三个不同的元素，在西面，在它与邻近地块的分界线上，有一座6层建筑，在Henri Barbusse大道上，有着4层叠加复式住宅平台。在基地的东南角，一座6层的建筑连接着4层叠加复式住宅平台。

The project proposes two clearly identifiable typologies: the «building» and the «superimposed townhouse». The articulation of these two scales is done through porosities and built continuities up to the site boundaries. These principles take form through a simple configuration that articulates three distinct elements: to the west, on the boundary that separates it from the neighbouring parcel, a 6-story building and, on Avenue Henri Barbusse, a 4-story terrace of superimposed duplex houses. On the southeast corner of the site, a 6-story building is attached to a 4-story terrace of superimposed duplex houses.

通往街区中心的通道首先会通过一个为所有建筑空间服务的公共性中央平台。这些小巷应用了砖石墙体，中央区域开放空间的规划强调了内部花园的利用，这座花园的面积至少150平方米，而这也成为了空间规模适度的社区花园空间。砖和金属细木工屏风为户外空间带来了私密性，同时在社区生活和家庭生活之间形成过渡。它们为住宅带来了更多的开放可能，但是仍然保持了空间应有的私密性。在公寓楼中，建筑有着不同的窗户高度，这取决于不同的楼层，从而增加室内的自然采光，并且根据城市景观，建筑师还会适当地结合应用横向与纵向开窗。

The access to the block centre is through a central deck that serves all the buildings. These alleys are lined with brick mashrabiya walls and the planning of open spaces in the block centre promotes the use of the interior garden, more than 150m2, which becomes a proper market garden space. The brick and metal joinery screen to private outdoor spaces create the transition between community life and the home. They provide the possibility for the home to open out or to remain private. On the blocks of flats, the project varies the heights of the window sills, depending on the floor level, to increase the daylight provision and to frame a vista, either more vertical or more horizontal according to the urban landscape.

体量、结构和用途的多样性是设计方案的基本原则。项目为建筑内外空间提供了多种解读方式，方便居民使用。项目的成功取决于共享空间，而共享空间正是解决社区生活问题的基本手段。

The diversity of volumes, architectures and uses is the underlying principle of the proposal. The project provides multiple readings of the exterior and interior spaces of buildings that facilitate appropriation by its residents. The success of the project will be determined through the use of the shared spaces that are the essential means for community living.