【往期回顾】
【本期内容】
History of the ship Nemesis
复仇女神号轮船的历史
On Friday the 8th of July 1904 the Nemesis, under control of Captain Lusher, left Newcastle for Melbourne with her hold full of coal and coke. The vessel immediately ran into a southerly gale and was last sighted by the S.S. Marloo off Wollongong. At some point Nemesis appeared to have turned or was driven back towards Sydney, as a vessel in distress was sighted off Port Hacking that night (Sydney Morning Herald, 13 July, 1904). Rockets were also seen off Port Hacking and wreckage later observed washing ashore at Cronulla Beach. Thirty-two hands were lost in the incident. Part of the steering wheel was later recovered on Cronulla Beach and over days and weeks, a number of bodies washed ashore around Cronulla Beach. Some could not be identified.
1904年7月8日星期五，复仇女神号轮船在卢舍船长的掌控下，满载着煤炭和焦炭离开纽卡斯尔前往墨尔本。该船很快就遭遇了向南的飓风，最后一次被卧龙岗附近的马洛号看到。在某个地方，复仇女神号似乎已经转向或被驱回悉尼，因为当晚在哈金港附近有人看到一艘遇险船只（《悉尼先驱晨报》，1904年7月13日）。也有人在哈金港附近看到火焰，后来有人观察到轮船残骸在克罗努拉海滩被冲上岸。32个人在事故中丧生。后来在克罗努拉海滩发现了船舵的一部分，而且经过日复一日、连续数周的时间，很多尸体被冲上了克罗努拉海岸。有些尸体无法辨认了。
The 73.4-metre Nemesis was built at Whitby, United Kingdom, in 1881. The 1393-ton single screw steamer with an iron hull was powered by a compound engine. The vessel could reach speeds of 12 knots. The Nemesis was registered in Melbourne under Huddart Parker Ltd with the intention of concentrating on the coal trade from Newcastle. Huddart Parker then rented wharf space in Darling Harbour and its vessels began carrying cargo from Melbourne to Sydney only. Huddart Parker fitted the collier with accommodation of an intermediate standard, not as expensive as first, but better than steerage. From August 1890, the Nemesis operated to Western Australia during the 1890s gold rushes. She remained as a passenger carrier till the last years of the century when she was relegated to collier status.
长73.4米的复仇女神号于1881年在英国惠特比建造。这艘1393吨重的单螺杆铁壳蒸汽船由复合发动机提供动力。这艘船的航速可达12节。复仇女神号在墨尔本注册，隶属于哈德特·帕克有限公司，旨在专注于纽卡斯尔的煤炭贸易。哈德特·帕克有限公司随后租用了达令港的码头空间，其船只开始仅从墨尔本向悉尼运送货物。哈德特·帕克有限公司为煤矿配备了中等标准的住宿，不像头等舱那么昂贵，但比驾驶舱更好。从1890年8月起，复仇女神号在19世纪90年代淘金热期间前往西澳大利亚。她原本一直是客运船，直到19世纪最后几年被降级为运煤船。
The wreck known internally at Heritage NSW initially as the Unidentified Wreck Off Wollongong 165m deep was discovered and subsequently reported by Ed Korber (Subsea Professional Marine Services) in May 2022. ROV footage collected by Subsea in 2021 provided initial details of features around the midships and bow sections.
在新南威尔士州遗产局内部，这艘沉船最初被称为165米深的卧龙岗不明沉船，于2022年5月被艾德·科尔伯公司（海底专业海洋服务）发现并报告。Subsea在2021年收集的水下遥控器影像提供了船舯和船头部分周围特征的初步细节。
Early attempts to undertake fieldwork inspections of the site were organised by Heritage NSW in conjunction with Subsea Professional Marine Services, which included establishing the exact location, height/depth orientation and extent of the sites debris field in July and August 2023.
新南威尔士州遗产局与海底专业海洋服务公司联合组织了对该遗址进行实地考察的早期尝试，包括在2023年7月和8月确定遗址碎片场的确切位置、高度/深度定位和范围。
Drop camera footage was collected by the CSIRO research vessel (RV) Investigator in September 2023 during voyage IN2023_E03 at the request of Heritage NSW. This activity was conducted as a piggyback project on the voyage and supported by an allocation of sea time on RV Investigator from the CSIRO Marine National Facility. This footage was supplemented by earlier ROV footage taken of the site by Subsea in 2021.
应新南威尔士州遗产局的要求，澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织的研究船调查员于2023年9月在IN2023_E03航行期间收集了水下摄像机的影像。这项活动是作为航行中的一个附带项目进行的，并得到了澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织海洋国家设施部门对调查员海上时间分配的支持。这段影像由Subsea在2021年拍摄的早期水下遥控器拍摄的现场影像进行了补充。
An interim report was undertaken by Heritage NSW Senior Maritime Archaeologist (Dr Brad Duncan) in October 2023 and was designed to provide preliminary indications as to whether the wreck was/ wasn’t the wreck of the SS Nemesis. The report consists of predominantly visual identification of distinct site features of the Unidentified Wreck off Wollongong. After careful consideration and comparison of the archaeological evidence with historical documentations, it appears highly likely that the wreck may be that of the SS Nemesis which sank somewhere off Wollongong in 1904. Although it is highly probable that the wreck discovered is this vessel, definitive proof of its identity was not available, especially as the design of many ships of the Huddart Parker line were nearly identical. However, the main sheer strake appears to be either a repair or reinforcement plate (possibly used as a rubbing strake). This is highly distinctive and unusual, and it may be this band that positively identifies the vessel as the Nemesis with a high degree of certainty. The report compared features in both video surveys of the site and it concluded that the wreck is highly likely to be the SS Nemesis.
新南威尔士州遗产高级海事考古学家布莱德·邓肯博士于2023年10月发布了一份中期报告，旨在提供沉船是否为复仇女神号沉船的初步说明。该报告主要包括对卧龙岗附近不明沉船的不同现场特征的视觉识别。经过仔细考虑并将考古证据与历史文献进行比较，这艘沉船很可能是1904年在卧龙岗附近沉没的复仇女神号沉船。尽管发现的沉船极有可能就是这艘船，但无法获得其身份的确切证据，尤其是哈德特·帕克系列的许多船只的设计几乎完全相同。然而，主要的舷侧厚板似乎是一块修复板或加固板（可能用作防擦板）。这是非常独特和不寻常的，可能正是这块板高度确定了这艘船为复仇女神号。该报告比较了两次现场视频调查的特征，得出结论，沉船很可能是SS复仇女神号。
Further opportunistic inspection of the site is required to further conclusively identify the vessel, using more specific relics which were not identified in the drop camera footage (e.g. ships plates or other relics with the ship or company logo, or even the ships bell).
需要对现场进行进一步的随机检查，以进一步确定船只的身份，使用水下摄像机影像中未识别的更具体的遗迹（例如船牌或其他带有轮船或公司标志的遗迹，甚至是船钟）。
【Source】www.environment.nsw.gov.au
【Translated by】Spark Liao (廖怀宝)
【Illustration】From Bing
