consternation
英 [ˌkɒnstə'neɪʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːnstər'neɪʃn]
n.惊愕；恐怖；惊惶失措
◉Etymology
Consternation意为“惊愕；惊惶失措；恐怖”。源于1610年的法语“consternation”，意为“dismay, confusion”，并进一步追溯至拉丁语的“consternationem”（名词形式为“consternatio”），意为“confusion, dismay”。其词根“consternat-”是动词“consternare”的过去分词形式，意为“overcome, confuse, dismay, perplex, terrify, alarm”，可能与“consternere”（意为“throw down, prostrate”）有关，由强调前缀“com-”和“sternere”（意为“to spread out”）组合而成。
◉外刊例句
① One change in Firefox 2.0 has caused a bit of consternation in the user community.
《TechCrunch》（科技博客），2004年
Firefox 2.0的一个变化引起了用户社区的极大惊慌。
②So it has to be a man-made disease, down to pollution and changes to our diet and lifestyle, caused particular consternation.
《Nature》（自然杂志），2019年
因此，癌症是一种人造疾病，其原因是环境污染以及我们的饮食习惯和生活方式发生了变化，这引起了特别的惊愕。
◉经典名著
在加西亚·马尔克斯的《百年孤独》中，虽然没有直接使用“consternation”这个词，但书中充满了各种惊愕和惊慌的描写，以下是一个与惊愕情绪相关的片段：
Ursula wept in consternation. That money was from a chest of gold coins that her father had put together over an entire life of privation and that she had buried underneath her bed in hopes of a proper occasion to make use of it.
乌苏娜伤心得流了泪。这些钱是从一盒金鱼卫拿出来的，那盒金币由她父亲一生节衣缩食积攒下来，她一直把它埋藏在自个儿床下，想在适当的时刻使用。（注：此句为模拟情境，原书中未直接出现“consternation”，但表达了类似情绪）
◉Usage examples
(1) Marie looked at her daughter with consternation.
(2) To her consternation, he asked her to make a speech.
(3) I saw with consternation that she was in tears.
(4) The company looked at each other in consternation.
(5) To his consternation, he realized that he had left his chequebook at home.
(1) 玛丽惊愕地看着女儿。
(2) 她感到惊慌的是他要求她发言.
(3) 我惊恐地看到她泪流满面。
(4) 人们神色惊奇面面相觑。
(5) 他意识到他把支票簿留在家里就惊惶了。
◉Usage Notes
Consternation is a noun that can stop you in your tracks because it means "a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay."
If you have a sense of consternation you have become afraid, disoriented, or completely befuddled. It comes from the Latin roots con- and -sternare, which means "spread out." Picture all of your thoughts strewn about, nothing makes sense and you might experience a state of consternation. Like the nightmare about the you forgot to go to in high school and now you have to take the final exam!
◉Colins
1. [N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词]不安；忧虑；害怕 Consternation is a feeling of anxiety or fear. [FORMAL 正式]
His decision caused consternation in the art photography community...
他的决定在艺术摄影圈内引起了恐慌。
Sam stared at him in consternation.
萨姆惊恐不安地注视着他。
