【上期回顾】
【本期内容】
一、内容纲要
二、内容简述
(一)定义
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子,充当另一个句子的状语,这个句子就叫做时间状语从句。
常用来连接时间状语从句的连词有:when, while, as; before, after; till, until, since; 表“一...就...”的句型;every/each time, by the time。
(二)when、while与as
三者都可以表示“当...时候”,其区别在于:
1、when所在的从句,以及其主句的谓语动词,可以是瞬间动词,也可以是持续动词,如:
When he came yesterday, she told him the bad news.
When she was working in the garden, her son woke up.
【注意】
当基于现在时间表将来时,其主从句的谓语动词遵循“主将从现”的用法,如:
When she arrives tomorrow, I will give her the book.
2、while所在的从句的谓语动词必须是持续动词,或表状态的静态动词,其主句谓语动词可以是瞬间动词或持续动词。如:
While he was away from home, his neighbour took care of his garden.
While I was reading in the living room, my wife was writing her novel in the study.
While my son was sleeping, my wife came home.
3、as表示“一边...,一边...;正当;随着”,其所在的从句以及主句谓语动词可以是瞬间动词或持续动词。如:
As I was growing vegetables, my daughter watered them.
As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.
(三)before与after
before表“在...之前”,after表“在...之后”。如:
Before he came back, she had already left.
After she had already left, he came back.(四)till、until与since
till表示“直到...时候”;until也表示“直到...时候”,常与not连用,表示“直到...时候才...”;since表示“自从...时候以来”。如:
I will stay here till/until she comes back.
He did not go home until he had finished his work.
She has lived here since she was born.
(五)表“一...就...”的句型
常见的有:as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., the minute/second/instant/moment...。如:
As soon as he arrived there, he called me.
He had hardly arrived there when he called me.
He had no sooner arrived there than he called me.
The minute/second/instant/moment he had arrived there, he called me.
(六)every/each time与by the time
every/each time表示“每当...”,后面直接接从句。by the time表示“到...时候为止”,后面直接接从句。如:
Every/each time he comes, he will bring me some flowers.
By the time she comes back, I will have finished the work.
By the time she came back, I had finished the work.