【上期回顾】

【本期内容】

一、内容纲要

二、内容简述

（一）定义

所谓“主谓一致”，是指谓语动词的单复数要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

但在实际使用过程中，会有一些变化。主谓一致主要包括三种情况：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

（二）语法一致

所谓语法一致，是主谓一致的基本原则，是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致，即：主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语用复数，谓语用复数。

其中，需要注意的是当主语为单数时的情况，主要包括：

A dictionary helps us learn how to use words.（主语为单数可数名词）

Everything / Everybody is ready.（主语为复合不定代词）

To see is to believe.（主语为不定式或动名词结构）

What he said matters a lot to us.（主语为从句）

The People's Republic of China is a great nation.（主语为专有名称）

（三）意义一致

所谓意义一致，是指主语的单复数不能仅仅根据其形式的单复数来决定，更重要的是要根据其具体含义来决定。常见的情况主要有：

1、当主语后接as well as、as much as、accompanied by、including、in addition to、more than、no less than、rather than、together with等引导词时，谓语的单复数，由主语本身的单复数来决定。如：

Tom accompanied by his sister is to arrive here soon.

2、表时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等成分作主语时，其意义若是指总量，则视作单数，其谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"，则视作复数，其谓语动词也用复数。如：

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.

Twenty years have passed since we first moved here.

3、由and连接的两个并列主语，如果是表不用的人或物，则谓语用复数；如果是表同一个人或物，则谓语用单数。如：

A doctor and a poet are going to visit our school next week.

A doctor and poet is going to visit our school next week.

4、定冠词the修饰形容词时，如果表具体某个人或物，则视作单数，其谓语用单数；但如果表一类人或物，则视作复数，其谓语也用复数。如：

He has two sons. The younger is mymate.

The young are supposed to respect the old.

5、当集体名词作主语，表整体时，视作单数，则谓语用单数；表个体成员时，视作复数，则谓语用复数。如：

My family is a big one in our town.

My family are having a picnic in the park now.

（四）就近一致

所谓就近一致，也就是我们常说的就近原则，是指谓语动词的单复数由靠它最近的主语的单复数来决定。

此类用法主要出现在由neither ... nor ...、either ... or ...、not only ... but also ...等引导并列主语时。如：

Neither he nor you are up to the job.

Neither you nor he is up to the job.

【注意】

当both ... and ...引导并列主语时，其谓语动词始终都用复数。如：

Both he and you are up to the job.

Both you and I are up to the job.

（五）特殊情况

英语中有些表达，意义上是复数的，但其谓语动词仍然要用单数。如：

More than one teacher has arrived to help us.

Many a student has been sent to hospital.

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.