不定积分计算代数换元法应用举例

天山幽梦 2024-07-11 22:11:32

干货!不定积分计算代数换元法应用举例六道例题

例题1:∫dx/[24+³√(32x+83)].

思路:变三次立方根无理式为有理式,变量替换t=³√(32x+83)。

解:设t=³√(32x+83),则32x+83=t³,32dx=3t²dt;

∴∫dx/[24+³√(32x+83)]

=(1/32)*∫32dx/(24+t),

=(1/32)∫3*t²dt/(24+t),

=(3/32)∫[(t-24)(t+24)+24²]dt/(24+t),

=(3/32)*[∫(t-24)dt+24²∫dt/(t+24)],

=(3/32)*[1/2*t²-24t+24²*ln|t+24|+c],

=(3/64)*t-(9/8)t+(27/1)*ln|t+24|+C,

=(3/64)*³√(32x+83)²-(9/8)* ³√(32x+83)+(27/1)*ln|³√(32x+83)+24|+C.

例题2:∫[80+48(√x)³]dx/(3+√x).

思路:变平方根无理式为有理式,变量替换t=√x.

解:设t=√x,则x=t²,dx=2tdt;

∴∫[80+48(√x)³]dx/(3+√x),

=2∫(80+48 t³)tdt/(3+t),

=2∫(48*t³-48*3*t²+48 *3²*t-1216)dt

+2*1216∫dt/(t+3),

=(1/2)*48*t⁴-(2/3)*48*3*t³+48*3²*

t²-2*1216t+2*1216*ln|t+3|+C,

=(1/2)*48*x²-(2/3)*48*3*√x³+48*3²*x-2*1216*√x

+2*1216*ln(√x+3)+C.

例题3:∫[√(67x+8)-17]dx/[17+√(67x+8)].

思路:变根式无理式为有理式,变量替换t=√(67x+8).

解:设t=√(67x+8),则67x+8=t²,67dx=2tdt;

∴∫[√(67x+8)-17]dx/[17+√(67x+8)]

=(1/67)∫(t-17)*2tdt/(17+t),

=(1/67)[∫(2t-4*17)dt+(4/67)*17²∫dt/(t+17)],

=(1/67)(t²-4*17t)+(4/67)*17²*ln|t+17|+C,

=(1/67)( 67x+8-4*17*√(67x+8)+

(4/67)*17²*ln[(√(67x+8)+17)]+C,

例题4:∫x√(27-93x)dx.

思路:变根式无理式√(27-93x)为有理式,变量替换t=√(27-93x).

解:设t=√(27-93x),则t²=27-93x,即:x=(1/93)(27-t²),

此时有:dx=-(1/93)*2tdt;

∴∫x√(27-93x)dx

=∫(1/93)(27-t²)*t*d[(1/93)(27-t²)],

=∫(1/93)(27-t²)*t*[-(1/93)]*2tdt,

=-2*(1/93²)∫(27-t²)*t²dt,

=-2/93²*∫(27t²-t⁴)dt,

=-2/93²*[(2/3*27*t³-(1/5)*t⁵)]+C,

=-36/(1*93²)*t³+2/(5*93²)t⁵+C,

=-36/(1*93²)*√(27-93x)³+2/(5*93²)*√(27-93x)⁵+C,

例题5:∫(19ˣ*21ˣ)dx/(361ˣ-441ˣ).

思路:将被积函数进行变形,再进行变量替换,本题变量替换t=(19/21)ˣ.

解:设t=(19/21)ˣ,则dt=t*ln(19/21)dx,

∫(19ˣ*21ˣ)dx/(361ˣ-441ˣ).

=∫(19/21)ˣdx/[1-(19/21)²ˣ],

=∫t*1/[t*ln(19/21)]dt/(1-t²),

=1/ln(21/19)*∫dt/(1-t²),

=1/(ln19-ln21)*[∫dt/(t-1)-∫dt/(t+1)],

=1/(2ln19-2ln21)*ln|(t-1)/(t+1)|+C,

=1/(2ln19-2ln21)*ln|[(19/21)ˣ-1]/[(19/21)ˣ+1]|+C,

=1/(2ln19-2ln21)*ln|(21ˣ-19ˣ)/(21ˣ+19ˣ)|+C.

例题6:∫dx/³√[(92x+91)²*(92x-91)⁴].

思路:代数式换元法,本题变量替换t=(92x+91)/(92x-91).

解:设t=(92x+91)/(92x-91),有:

-2*92*91dx/(92x-91)²=dt,

即:dx=-(92x-91)²*dt/2*92*91.

代入积分函数有:∫dx/³√[(92x+91)²*(92x-91)⁴],

=∫dx/{³√[(92x+91)/(92x-91)]²*(92x-91)²] },

=[-1/(2*92*91)]∫(92x-91)²*dt/[³√t²*(92x-91)²] ,

=[-1/(2*92*91)]*∫dt/³√t² ,

=[-3/(2*92*91)]* ³√t+C,

=-3/(4186*2²)*³√t+C,

=-3/(4186*2²)*³√[(92x+91)/(92x-91)]+C。

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