【海外投行关于光模块观点】
如下信息均来自OFC、GTC大会后,海外上市公司投资者交流会、海外投行分析师公开材料的整理,未有个人观点。
1、光模块抢了交换机的C位
DCI/DCN投资,在400G的时代光模块已经达到70%,交换机不到30%。那么意味着800G时代85%?按照这个市场价值转移的逻辑,中际旭创(SZ300308)的市值,远远超过中兴通讯,就是历史的必然。思科投资者交流会高管吐槽 “And the result is that the optics is now becoming a much more signi fi cant portion of the cost. So at 100 gig, it represents about 50% of the cost and at 400 gig and 800 gig, it's well over half the cost approaching 70% of the total cost. And this in fl uences our thinking around optics investment because if we're going to remain relevant for customers who want to buy a whole solution from Cisco, this would include enterprise customers, public sector customers as well as service provider customers. We need to have a full portfolio that includes the optics and the ports.”
结论,光学现在成为成本中一个更加重要的部分。因此,在100G时,它约占成本的50%,而在400G和800G时,它远超过一半的成本,接近总成本的70%。这影响了我们对光学投资的思考,因为如果我们想对那些想要从思科购买完整解决方案的客户保持相关性,这将包括企业客户、公共部门客户以及服务提供商客户。我们需要拥有一个包括光学和端口的完整产品组合。
2、DCN光通信市场增速比想象中的还要大
Coherent(仅次于中际旭创的全球老二)预计TAM规模从50亿美金(2024)增长到160亿美金,,CAGR 30%。“Cloud data center opportunity forecast to track to $16 bn by 2028. The Cloud Data Center Photonics market is expected to expand at a ~30% CAGR from $4.5 bn in 2023 to $16 bn in 2028, including Intra-Data Center Transceivers (200G-1.6T) expanding from ~$3 bn to ~$9 bn, ZR/ZR+ Modules for DCI (400G-1.6T) expanding from $1.2 bn to $4.5 bn, and Advanced Switching & Transport for Cloud expanding from~$0.5 bn to ~$2 bn.”
复合年增长率30%。“预计到2028年,云数据中心的市场机会将达到160亿美元。云数据中心光学市场预计将以约30%的复合年增长率从2023年的45亿美元增长到2028年的160亿美元,其中包括数据中心内部收发器(200G-1.6T)从约30亿美元增长到约90亿美元,用于数据中心互联(DCI)的ZR/ZR+模块(400G-1.6T)从12亿美元增长到45亿美元,以及云计算的高级交换与传输从约5亿美元增长到约20亿美元。”
3、铜进光退被证伪
大摩分析师终于搞明白了,DGX GB200 NVL7这种大集群系统,“NVDA’s GTC event announced transition from 4 optical ports in a data center to 36 ports for 1.6T capacity, or 18x increase in opportunity for optical transceivers for a fully-loaded system;” 一层铜两层光,光模块的需求要扩大18倍。(造假太高,有没有土豪这样去建,是另外一回事。需要推动光模块降低成本)
NVDA的GTC活动宣布,数据中心的光学端口将从4个端口过渡到36个端口,以实现1.6T的容量,或者说是光学收发器在一个满载系统中的机会增加了18倍。
4、关于CPO替代pluggable的担忧
在一系列利弊权衡后,Coherent认为2030年前,Pluggable光模块还是可以支撑产业发展的。“While MTO and CPO are hot topics, we believe we will see the industry innovate around pluggable optics paradigm as long as possible, as we've already seen with the LPO and LRO. We believe that pluggable transceivers will support the industry needs through the rest of this decade. While we do see co-packaging as a trend for the future, it's important to understand the value pluggable transceivers bring to our customers.”
虽然MTO和CPO是热门话题,但我们相信,只要可能,我们将看到行业围绕可插拔光学范例进行创新,正如我们已经在LPO和LRO中看到的那样。我们相信,可插拔收发器将在本十年的剩余时间里支持行业需求。虽然我们确实将共包装视为未来的趋势,但了解可插拔收发器为我们的客户带来的价值是很重要的。
5、1.6T /3.2T 平台的产业链已经初步成熟
Marvell、Coherent、博通、lumentum、Macom均推出了 200G/λ的器件平台。
中际旭创、新易盛、光迅、华工、剑桥等,均推出了1.6T光模块方案。
MACOM、Arista组织了1.6T的互通测试,产业开始做规模商用的准备。
6、RLO方案横空出世,终结LPO之争
"Marvell Technology, Inc, a leader in data infrastructure semiconductor solutions, today announced Spica Gen2-T, the industry’s first 5nm 800 Gbps transmit-only PAM4 optical DSP. Designed for transmit retimed optical modules (TRO modules), Spica Gen2-T can reduce the power consumption of 800 Gbps optical modules by more than 40% while maintaining interoperability with conventional optical modules and IEEE 802.3 compliant host devices."
Marvell Technology, Inc.,数据基础设施半导体解决方案的领导者,今天宣布推出Spica Gen2-T,业界首款5nm工艺的800 Gbps仅发送PAM4光学DSP。Spica Gen2-T专为传输重新定时光模块(TRO模块)设计,可以将800 Gbps光模块的功耗降低40%以上,同时保持与传统光模块和符合IEEE 802.3标准的主机设备的互操作性。
创新的DSP方案,保留LPO低功耗优势的同时,化解了LPO兼容性的痛点。势必将快速推广开,进一步拓宽光模块的应用场景。
7、被市场忽视的长途光模块(DCI),也会有显著增量
大摩的分析师提到“The DCI module TAM expansion is expected to be driven by the proliferation of AI traffic from inside to outside the data center as well as the build out of new data centers given power constraints at existing footprints. With hyperscalers looking for lower cost solution to scale overall AI bandwidth, the appetite for ZR/ZR+ offerings in the transmission domain is increasing, particularly for 800G, which is expected to account for 40%+ of the DCI module market in 2028.”
预计DCI模块的市场总体积(TAM)扩张将由数据中心内外AI流量的增加以及考虑到现有基础设施的电力限制而新建数据中心的需求所驱动。随着超大规模运营商寻找更低成本的解决方案来扩展整体AI带宽,传输领域对ZR/ZR+产品的需求正在增加,特别是对800G的需求,预计到2028年,800G将占DCI模块市场的40%以上。
什么意思呢?由于GPU算力卡功耗实在太大,集中部署在一个地方,就会导致电力供应不上(上个星期流传微软把10万张H100全开导致美国一个州停电的段子),所以AI数据中心有分散化(disaggregation),DC之间也要两两互联啊,所以,40Km/80Km这样的高价值800G光模块也会起量。
总结:市场需求越来越大,越来越急迫。
当前的主要矛盾是AI算力带来指数级增长的通信需求,现有的技术远远无法满足。大家都在想办法怎么降低成本、降低功耗,去满足日益增长的AI通信需求。根本不存在A股市场上那些无厘头的担心。