IS-2重型坦克,是前苏联于20世纪40年代以前苏联领导人约瑟夫·维萨里奥诺维奇·斯大林的名字命名的一款二战时期重型坦克,也被西方人称之为又称JS-2(Josef Stalin 2)重型坦克,但红军战士们更喜欢亲切地称它为“斯大林坦克”。
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IS-2重型坦克,又称JS-2重型坦克,而红军战士们更喜欢亲切地称它为“斯大林坦克”
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IS-2重型坦克车长9.60米,车宽3.12米,车高2.71米,重量为45吨,坦克乘员共4人,分别由车长、驾驶员、炮手及装填手组成,该坦克搭载一台B-2-HC型V-12缸水冷柴油机,功率为520马力,悬挂系统为扭力杆悬挂,并采用当时最先进的“二级行星转向机”的转向机构,以提高其机动性能,最大行程为241公里(越野时为210公里),最高时速为37公里/小时(越野时为19公里/小时)。
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IS-2重型坦克设计图纸
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IS-2重型坦克所搭载的B-2-HC型V-12缸水冷柴油机
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IS-2重型坦克的车体为轧制钢装甲焊接结构
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车体侧面为90至95毫米装甲
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车体的正面为正面90至120毫米装甲
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车体后面为60毫米装甲
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炮塔为装甲钢整体铸造结构
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IS-2重型坦克的车体为轧制钢装甲焊接结构,炮塔为装甲钢整体铸造结构。其中车体各部位的装甲厚度分别为正面90至120毫米,侧面为90至95毫米,后面为60毫米;动力舱顶面为20至30毫米,而炮塔各部位的装甲厚度为正面100至160毫米,侧面为90毫米,顶面为30毫米,材质均为当时非常先进的70L高强度装甲钢。
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有了以上高强度装甲上的强力加持,IS-2重型坦克的装甲厚度可以在1000米的距离外防御德军88炮的攻击!因此,就装甲防护性能而言,IS-2重型坦克的装甲防护水平绝对属于相当高的水准,不仅远远高于它的前任KV重型坦克,而且和德军的“虎”式重型坦克相比也旗鼓相当。
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在武器搭载方面,IS-2重型坦克的主要武器是一门D-25型M1943 L/43式122毫米坦克炮,该火炮身管长为43倍口径,可以发射曳光穿甲弹和杀伤爆破榴弹以及穿甲高爆弹,备弹28发,其辅助武器包括2挺DT型7.62毫米机枪和1挺DShK型12.7毫米高射机枪,备弹1000发。
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D-25型M1943 L/43式122毫米坦克炮
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DShK型12.7毫米高射机枪
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IS-2重型坦克的首次参战是在1944年的东线战场的斯洛伐克及波兰战区,一经亮相便以其坚固装甲和超强的火力使得它迅速在战场上成为了一台真正的钢铁巨兽!令德军为之恐惧!
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在整个二战期间,IS-2重型坦克连同后期改进型号一共生产了3854辆,显示出前苏联在坦克制造方面的强大能力!并在二战后,将该坦克出口至中国、朝鲜、波兰、古巴等几个共产主义阵营国家,也一度使其成为冷战时期前苏联的重要武器之一。
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不同型号的IS-2重型坦克
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军工厂里批量生产的IS-2重型坦克
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新中国成立后,阅兵式期间行驶在天安门广场上的IS-2重型坦克
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新中国成立后,刚成立的中国装甲兵战士及身后的IS-2重型坦克
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前苏联冷战前期的钢铁洪流-IS-2重型坦克
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以领袖命名的坦克—IS-2重型坦克(斯大林系列坦克)
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二战后,IS-2重型坦克也曾出口至中国、朝鲜等几个共产主义阵营国家,并成为冷战时期前苏联的重要武器之一