国产62式轻型坦克于1958年开始研制,1962年12月定型,1964年正式装备中国人民解放军,是中国自行设计的第一代轻型坦克的代表,其工厂代号为:WZ 131。
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该坦克主要用于南方丘陵山地的装甲部队,遂行侦察、迂回、同敌方轻型装甲车辆作战等主要主要任务,具有良好的机动性能、一定的火力和防护能力。
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62式轻型坦克车长6.231米,车宽2.850米,车高2.26米,乘员4人,分别为车长、驾驶员、炮手及装填手。
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62式轻型坦克,图为玩具模型
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该坦克的主动轮后置,车体均由钢板焊接而成,炮塔为铸造件,每侧为5个负重轮,独立扭杆式悬挂,并在第一、五负重轮位置安装液压减振器,依靠车前1对球面蜗轮杆调整诱导轮位置来实现履带松紧度的调整。在装甲厚度方面,该装甲车体前上甲板与水平面成30°夹角,厚度35毫米,而炮塔的正前方厚度为45毫米。
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在驾驶坦克时,驾驶员位于坦克车前左侧,顶部有一个可升降和水平转动的铸造驾驶舱盖,驾驶舱有2个观察镜,并配有红外夜视仪;而车长、炮手位于战斗仓左侧,而装填手则位于右侧;另外,在车长指挥塔上还安装有4个观察镜和 1个指挥潜望镜。
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62式轻型坦克以其21吨的战斗全重,35毫米的前装甲,成功抵御了当时大部分机枪和炮弹破片的攻击,同时该坦克的动力装置位于车体后部,为一台4冲程12V水冷直喷式柴油机,标定功率为316千瓦,标定转速为1800r/min,最大时速可以达到60千米/小时(公路)。
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62式轻型坦克装甲防御分布图
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62式轻型坦克的主要武器为1门85毫米坦克炮,俯仰范围-5°~+20°,可发射定装式榴弹、穿甲弹、微旋破甲弹和碎甲弹,弹药基数47发。其辅助武器包括1挺7.62毫米并列机枪和1挺12.7毫米高射机枪,携弹量分别为2000发和500发,同时还为该坦克配备有半自动灭火装置和烟幕弹发射器。
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作为首款我国自行研制的轻型坦克,62式轻型坦克自装备后便被广泛部署至我国南方的丘陵、河网密布的地区,一定程度上弥补了我军当时的主力——59式中型坦克因重量问题无法在上述地形机动作战的短板。
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而62式轻型坦克的巅峰时刻,还是在1979年对越自卫反击战中被我军大量使用的经历,在这场战争中,62式轻型坦克展现了其卓越的性能,并为最终战斗的胜利立下了汗马功劳,是人民军队中少数经历过战火考验的光荣战车。
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据统计,至1982年停产时,62式轻型坦克总产量为1560辆,并还在此基础上生产出大量改进及衍生型号,如62-1式、62式改等不同型号坦克,其中我军装备450辆,剩余的则用于大量出口给第三世界国家,如越南、老挝、柬埔寨以及马里共和国。
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出口到非洲某国的62式轻型坦克
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