您其实可以做微创膝关节单髁置换术吗?您知道吗?

皇铭谈健康 2023-06-11 01:04:08

全膝关节置换的患者中至少有20%可以做微创单髁置换

有研究发现,当一个关节外科医生每年的膝关节置换手术中有20%的患者是单髁置换术,这个医生所做手术的翻修率可以显著降低[1]。

另一个研究更是指出,膝关节置换的患者中有50%符合单髁置换的适应症[2]。

有统计数据表明,在单髁置换的手术量>40台/年的医院,跟<10台/年的医院相比,其手术的翻修率显著低于后者[3]。

对于患者而言,如果再给他们一个选择的机会,与全膝置换的患者相比,单髁换术的患者更多的会选择手术[4]。

与全膝关节置换相比,单髁置换术还具有其他的优点,比如对交叉韧带的保留,可能会对膝关节的本体感受的破坏更小。再者,单髁置换术后的患者关节活动度更好、住院时间更短、术后并发症更少。

由此可见,在细致的术前评估的基础上,谨慎为患者选择单髁置换术作为膝关节单间室骨关节炎治疗的方法,与全膝关节置换相比,具有明显的优势。术前的评估包括:详细的病史询问、全面的体格检查、规范的侧方应力位及侧位X线片等,必要时可行膝关节MRI检查以辅助术者做好术前评估。最后,也是非常重要的一环,术中的评估——术中仔细探查髌股关节、外侧胫股关节及交叉韧带的情况。在这些评估的基础上选择适合单髁置换术的患者,通常可以获得非常理想的疗效。患者通常住院时间可以缩短到4-5天,术后第一天就可以下地走路。出院时基本可以弃拐自行行走。

因此,准备做膝关节置换的患者,请选择经验丰富、手术量大的医院,请医生对您进行评估,或许,您也适合做微创单髁置换术。

参考文献

1. Liddle et al. Optimal usage of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty A STUDY OF 41 986 CASES FROM THE NATIONAL JOINT REGISTRY FOR ENGLAND AND WALES. Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1506–11.

2. Willis-Owen CA, et al. Unicondylar knee arthroplasty in the UK National Health Service: An analysis of candidacy, outcome and cost efficacy. Knee. 2009 Dec;16(6):473–8.

3. Badawy, M et al. Higher revision risk for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in low-volume hospitals Data from 5,791 cases in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Acta Orthopaedica 2014; 85 (4): 342–347.

4. Beard D, Price A, Davies L, et al. A Multicentre Randomised Study Comparing Total or Partial Knee Replacement – One Year Results of The Topkat Trial. BASK. Liverpool, UK 2016.

5. Pritchett, JW. Patients Prefer A Bicruciate-Retaining or the Medial Pivot Total Knee Prosthesis. Journal of Arthoplasty. Vol. 26 No. 2 2011.

6. Katayama, M. et al. Proprioception and Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture. International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

7. Amin A, et al. Unicompartmental or Total Knee Replacement? A Direct Comparative Study of Survivorship and Clinical Outcome at Five Years. JBJS Br. 2006; 88-B; Suppl 1, 100.

8. Jones, GG, et al. Gait comparison of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasties with healthy controls. Bone Joint J 2016;(10 SupplB):16–21.

9. Lombardi, A. et al. Is Recovery Faster for Mobile-bearing Unicompartmental than Total Knee Arthroplasty? Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. 467:1450-57. 2009.

10. Brown, NM, et al. Total Knee Arthroplasty Has Higher Postoperative Morbidity Than Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Analysis. The Journal of Arthroplasty. (2012).

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