全膝关节置换的患者中至少有20%可以做微创单髁置换
有研究发现,当一个关节外科医生每年的膝关节置换手术中有20%的患者是单髁置换术,这个医生所做手术的翻修率可以显著降低[1]。
另一个研究更是指出,膝关节置换的患者中有50%符合单髁置换的适应症[2]。
有统计数据表明,在单髁置换的手术量>40台/年的医院,跟<10台/年的医院相比,其手术的翻修率显著低于后者[3]。
对于患者而言,如果再给他们一个选择的机会,与全膝置换的患者相比,单髁换术的患者更多的会选择手术[4]。
与全膝关节置换相比,单髁置换术还具有其他的优点,比如对交叉韧带的保留,可能会对膝关节的本体感受的破坏更小。再者,单髁置换术后的患者关节活动度更好、住院时间更短、术后并发症更少。
由此可见,在细致的术前评估的基础上,谨慎为患者选择单髁置换术作为膝关节单间室骨关节炎治疗的方法,与全膝关节置换相比,具有明显的优势。术前的评估包括:详细的病史询问、全面的体格检查、规范的侧方应力位及侧位X线片等,必要时可行膝关节MRI检查以辅助术者做好术前评估。最后,也是非常重要的一环,术中的评估——术中仔细探查髌股关节、外侧胫股关节及交叉韧带的情况。在这些评估的基础上选择适合单髁置换术的患者,通常可以获得非常理想的疗效。患者通常住院时间可以缩短到4-5天,术后第一天就可以下地走路。出院时基本可以弃拐自行行走。
因此,准备做膝关节置换的患者,请选择经验丰富、手术量大的医院,请医生对您进行评估,或许,您也适合做微创单髁置换术。
参考文献
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