Sarah Wigglesworth future-proofs self-designed straw bale house in London由专筑网小R编译建筑师Sarah Wigglesworth对伦敦Stock Orchard街住宅进行了升级与改造，提升了功能特性，也改造了老化的室内空间。这座建筑获得了2004年RIBA可持续发展奖，同时这也是Sarah Wigglesworth建筑事务所的办公场所，经过改造之后，其二氧化碳排放量减少了62%。其浴室、厨房、活动空间也变得更加便利，并且配备了各种各样的辅助设施，从而让老年人能够更加健康独立地生活。Architect Sarah Wigglesworth has carried out an extensive upgrade and retrofit of the influential Stock Orchard Street home in London to improve its energy performance and age-proof its interiors.The extensive overhaul of the home, which won the 2004 RIBA Sustainability Award and doubles as the office for Sarah Wigglesworth Architects, has resulted in a 62 per cent reduction of its annual carbon dioxide emissions.Its bathroom, kitchen and circulation spaces have also been made more accessible and fitted with various mobility aids to better support wellbeing and independent living in old age.

Stock Orchard街住宅是Wigglesworth的家和工作场所Stock Orchard Street is the home and workplace of Wigglesworth建筑位于伦敦北部，名为Stock Orchard街住宅，人们常常称之为稻草住宅，这座建筑由Wigglesworth及其伙伴Jeremy Till共同设计。Wigglesworth认为这是一种“戏谑”的建造方式，建筑师测试了绿色技术以及独特的建筑材料，目的是证明可持续建筑可以在不妥协自身风格的前提下，建造于城市之中。Officially called Stock Orchard Street, but known widely as Straw Bale House, the home in north London was designed by Wigglesworth and her partner Jeremy Till, the head of Central Saint Martins.Described by Wigglesworth as a "plaything", it was used as a testbed for green technologies and unusual building materials, with the intention of showing that sustainable architecture can be built in urban areas and does not require sacrificing style.

建筑的立面让其具有能源效益The home's building envelope has been renewed to make it more energy efficient这座建筑最为明显的特点则是应用稻草作为隔热材料，建筑的墙体则由沙袋、回收混凝土，以及铁路木材建造而成。处于这个原因，它也被认为是21世纪英国最有突破的建筑，在2015年，建筑师杂志“Architects' Journal”中有提到，这是“当代最具影响力的住宅”。Among the home's most notable features include the use of straw bales as insulation and walls that are made from unusual materials including sandbags, recycled concrete and railways sleepers.For this reason, it is regarded as one of the most groundbreaking buildings of the 21st-century the UK. In 2015, architecture magazine Architects' Journal suggested that it was "the most influential house in a generation".

这就需要重新构建墙体的连接和室内抹灰This required taking apart and rebuilding wall junctions and interior plasterWigglesworth说：“这个项目具有研究的潜质，我相信这是我们的运营方式，这也是我们的学习方式。”“这个项目以实验为基础，我们搬进来之后就不断在发展，因此给人的革新的感受，也像是自然的进程。”“现在机遇到了，在20年之后，这座建筑需要翻新，因此我们认为，我们需要进行更加全面的思考，既要改造立面，满足如今的标准和预期，同时也要展望未来的20年的发展，让建筑具有时代精神。”"The project has always had the nature of research-in-practice, something I firmly believe in as a modus operandi for our business since this is how we learn," Wigglesworth told Dezeen."The project was based on experimentation and has been evolving ever since we moved in, so it felt like a natural progression to give it a real overhaul," she continued."The opportunity came about because after 20 years in occupation the buildings needed a refresh. So we thought we should do a more comprehensive job and both improve the built fabric to bring it up to today's standards and expectations, as well as look forward 20 years and make it age-embracing."

建筑师更换了几个性能不佳的窗户，减少了热桥Several underperforming windows were replaced to minimise thermal bridgesWigglesworth对Stock Orchard街住宅的翻新分成了两个部分，第一个部分是生态更新，环境评估机构Enhabit在2017年的评估中确定了需要翻新的区域，其中包括热桥和房间的改善与调整。改造住宅的过程需要把每个部分分开，然后再结合起来。Wigglesworth's overhaul of Stock Orchard Street was carried out in two phases, with the first being the eco-upgrade. Areas for improvement, which included thermal bridges and rooms requiring increased airtightness, were identified during an assessment by environmental consultancy Enhabit in 2017.The process of making these changes to the house required almost every junction being taken apart by and then put back together.

厨房也是更新的空间，呼应了独立的起居功能The kitchen is one of several spaces updated to support independent living在清理室内的抹灰之后，住宅中楼板和墙体连接部分以及所有服务区域周围都安装了密封带。建筑师增加了隔热部分、屋面照明，以及窗户等使用性能不佳的部分，解决了热桥问题，因此也最大程度地减少了供热需求。现有的机械通风和热回收系统也被更新的模型所取代，同时建筑师在西南立面增加了外部遮阳构件，减少了热量的传递。After removing interior plaster, airtightness tapes were installed across all of the home's floor-wall junctions and around any incoming services.Thermal bridging was addressed through the addition of more insulation and the replacement of underperforming components such as the roof lights and windows – helping to minimise heating demand.An existing mechanical ventilation and heat recovery system was also replaced with a more up-to-date model, while external shading was added to the south-west elevation to reduce overheating.

壁炉位于人的眼睛高度，减少了弯腰的需求An eye-level oven was inserted to prevent bending down翻新的第二个部分则是建筑的内部，这个部分需要满足Wigglesworth与Till不断变化的需求。Wigglesworth在谢菲尔德大学进行了一项为期三年的研究项目“DWELL”，许多的思路都来源于此。The second phase of the refurbishment involved updating the building's interiors in anticipation of the changing needs of Wigglesworth and Till as they age.Many of the changes were informed by research carried out by Wigglesworth during a three-year research project at the University of Sheffield, called DWELL.

交通空间增加了扶手Circulation spaces have been fitted with handrailsWigglesworth说：“革新让我们能够了解当前的规范、评估方法，以及零碳细节，同时让我能够将在谢菲尔德大学中所进行的研究项目投入现实，也成为老年建筑的发展基石。”“研究结果也确实很棒，二氧化碳的排放减少了62%。”"[The overhaul] allowed us to get up to speed on current legislation, assessment methods and zero-carbon detailing while allowing us to put into practice the research I led at the University of Sheffield into exemplary places for growing older," added Wigglesworth."The result has been really heartening, with a 62 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide as well."

浴室里的水平通道淋浴A level-access shower was built in the bathroom第二个部分的主要干预措施则是将地面层的公共设施改造为独立厨房。它位于卧室和独立的浴室旁边，这使得地面层能够用作私密的套房。One of the main interventions in the second phase was the conversion of the ground floor utility room into a separate kitchen.Positioned alongside a bedroom and separate bathroom, this will allow the ground floor to be used as a private suite for a carer – should one ever be required.

浴室里的抓手带来便捷Grab rails have been fitted to the bath to make it more accessible除此之外还有一些小改动，比如浴室中应用了水平淋浴，浴缸上增加了抓手，楼梯上增加了扶手等等。厨房中，燃气炉替代了原有的感应炉，而位于操作台下方的烤箱则换成了高一些的烤箱，这样使用时更加便利，不需要低头弯腰。最后，场地上还增加了电梯，确保了使用起来无障碍。Among the smaller changes included the introduction of a level-access shower in the bathroom, grab rails on the bathtub and handrails on the staircase and circulation bridge.A gas hob was replaced with an induction hob, while an oven positioned below the worktop was switched for one at eye-level, preventing users from having to bend down.Finally, a site was identified for a lift to be built, ensuring that the home can be made fully accessible in the future.

低效的天窗经过替换，解决了热桥问题Inefficient skylights were replaced to tackle thermal bridges在对这座建筑进行更新之前，Wigglesworth也对伦敦20世纪初期的工业建筑进行了翻新，该项目的目的是为艺术家们提供经济适用的办公场所。其工作室在建筑上增加了一层波纹金属表皮，覆盖了破旧的砖石墙体，而砖石墙体上则开有金属框架大玻璃窗。工作室的作品Siobhan Davies舞蹈工作室位于伦敦南部，建造于废弃的砖石学校建筑中。摄影：Ivan Jones