“稻草人证人”是由英文straw man直译而来,会让人产生一种误解。译为稻草人论证、稻草人谬误或者斯图曼谬误更为常见,是指曲解对方的论点,针对曲解后的论点(替身稻草人)攻击,再宣称已推翻对方论点的论证方式,是一种非形式谬误。稻草人论证可能是攻击者有心扭曲对方论点以达贬低效果,也可能是攻击者无心地误解了对方论点,或对方论述不清致使攻击者误会。
关于对该词的理解,可以参考以下生活中的场景:
场景一:
甲:“我认为孩童不应该往大街上乱跑。”
乙:“把小孩关起来,不让他们呼吸新鲜空气,那真是太愚蠢了。”
除了把小孩关起来以外,显然还有许多方法让孩童出门而不在大街上乱跑,因而前者无法推理出后者。乙攻击的论点“应该把小孩关起来”是甲从未提出的,也无法从甲提出的论点推理出来,只是个稻草人,和甲的真正论点毫无关系。
场景二:
甲:你支持性交易合法化吗?
乙:支持啊。
甲:你果然买春过!
甲把“支持性交易合法化”曲解成“买春过”,然而两者并无必然关系。
顺附英文释义帮助理解其含义:
A straw man fallacy (sometimes written as strawman) is the informal fallacy of refuting an argument different from the one actually under discussion, while not recognizing or acknowledging the distinction. One who engages in this fallacy is said to be "attacking a straw man".
The typical straw man argument creates the illusion of having refuted or defeated an opponent's proposition through the covert replacement of it with a different proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man") instead of the opponent's proposition. Straw man arguments have been used throughout history in polemical debate, particularly regarding highly charged emotional subjects.
Straw man tactics in the United Kingdom may also be known as an Aunt Sally, after a pub game of the same name, where patrons throw sticks or battens at a post to knock off a skittle balanced on top.
《元照英美法词典》中给出的相关表达如下:
straw man
(1)名义上的当事人
(2)稻草人辩论
(3)空头保释保证人
men of straw
(1)职业证人
(2)傀儡;不负责任的保证人
参考:《元照英美法词典》维基百科
转载自:旗渡译问网站 作者:旗渡多语信息中心(出海资讯定制)