数词—中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破

傲课程 2024-04-13 07:20:19

数词

【知识突破】

1、分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。

2、基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。

英语中常用的基数词有:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

one

two

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

ten

eleven

twelve

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

thirteen

fourteen

fifteen

sixteen

seventeen

eighteen

nineteen

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

twenty

thirty

forty

fifty

sixty

seventy

eighty

ninety

one(a) hundred

23

35

101

twenty-three

thirty-five

one hundred and one

1000→one(a) thousand,10000→ ten thousand,100000→one hundred thousand ,1000000→one million,10000000→ten million, 100000000→one hundred million,

108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.

[注]:(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。

(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)

3、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

英语的序数词基本变法:

(1) 一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。

序数词如下:

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

11th

12th

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth

seventh

eighth

ninth

tenth

eleventh

twelfth

13th

14th

15th

16th

17th

18th

19th

thirteenth

fourteenth

fifteenth

sixteenth

seventeenth

eighteenth

nineteenth

20th

30th

40th

50th

60th

70th

80th

90th

100th

twentieth

thirtieth

fortieth

fiftieth

sixtieth

seventieth

eightieth

ninetieth

one undredth

21st

22nd

23rd

35th

101st

twenty-first

twenty-second

twenty-third

thirty-fifth

one hundred and first

1000th→one thousandth, 1000000th →one millionth., 第703→the seven hundred and third,

第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.

3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth,

(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I’m in the third grade.

(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).

4、数词的用法:

(1)表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.

(2)表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.

(3)表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.

(4)表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine

(5)小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.

(6)“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.

(7)序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。

如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)

【能力过关】

1. —Barry, let’s go to school!

—Today is ________. We don’t need to go to school.

A. Monday B. Saturday C. Friday D. Wednesday

2. September 5th should be read(被读作) ________.

A. September five B. September the five

C. September fifth D. September the fifth

3. His little brother is ________.

A. five years old B. five-year-old C. five-year D. five years

4. The boy is only ________ and today is his ________ birthday.

A. nine; nine B. ninth; nine C. nine; ninth D. ninth; ninth

5. —Do you know the boys and girls over there?

—Yes. They are mymates. We’re in ________.

A. 3, grade 7 B. Grade 7, Class 3 C. grade 7, 3 D. Class 3, Grade 7

6. Seven and two _________.

A. is nine B. are nine C. is five D. are five

7. Her new dress is two ________.

A. hundreds yuan B. hundreds yuans C. hundred yuan D. hundred yuans

8. We will plant__________trees this year.

A. two hundreds B. two hundred of C. two hundred D. two hundreds of

9. They go to school at ________ (a quarter past seven) in the morning.

A. 6:45 B. 7:15 C. 6:15 D. 7:45

10. —There is a wrong word in Line _________.

—Where?

—In the _________ line.

A. Two; two B. Two; second C. Second; two D. Second; second

11. The number of the students is about three ________ in our grade.

A. hundred of B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundreds

12. There are ________ students in my, 15 boys and 14 girls.

A. fifteen B. fourteen C. twenty-nine

13. —Have you finished your work? I want to go shopping with you.

—I’m almost finished, but I have to finish ________ this email to Mark. Please give me ________ five minutes.

A. send; other B. sending; another C. sending; other D. send, another

14. —What’s ________ and ten?

—It’s sixty.

A. sixty B. fifty C. seventy D. thirty

15. —How many students are there in your, Linda?

—There are ________, fifteen girls and fifteen boys.

A. twenty B. thirty C. forty D. fifty

16. Schools for more than 168 ________ children worldwide have been completely closed because of the COVID-19.

A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of

17. What’s eleven and one? It’s ________.

A. seven B. fifteen C. twelve D. thirteen

18. Every year, ________ books are donated to the children in poor areas.

A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of

19. Four and three is ________.

A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine

参考答案

1. B

【解析】句意:——Barry,我们去上学吧!——今天是星期六。我们不需要去上学。

考查名词辨析。Monday星期一;Saturday星期六;Friday星期五;Wednesday星期三。根据句子“We don’t need to go to school.”以及选项可知,学生不去上学,今天应该是星期六。故选B。

2. D

【解析】句意:9月5日应该被读作“September the fifth”。

考查日期的表达。月份后的日期应读作序数词,序数词前应加定冠词the。故选D。

3. A

【解析】句意:他的弟弟五岁了。

考查名词短语,five years old五岁;five-year-old五岁的;five-year五年的;five years五年。观察句子,这里缺少表语,且表示“他的弟弟五岁了”,故选A。

4. C

【解析】句意:男孩仅9岁,今天是他9岁的生日。

考查数词的用法。表示年龄的时候可以直接用数字表示,“男孩仅九岁”就是“The boy is only nine”;在表示“某人几岁生日”时是用形容词性物主代词或者人名的所有格形式+序数词+birthday,“他九岁生日”就是“his ninth birthday”。故选C。

5. D

【解析】句意:——你认识那边的男孩女孩吗?——认识。他们是我的同学。我们在七年级三班。

考查班级和年级写法。“班级+年级”的英文表达是:Class+基数词, Grade+基数词,Class和Grade的首字母需大写。故选D。

6. A

【解析】句意:七加二等于九。

考查数字运算及主谓一致。英语中表示“等于”用is,排除B/D选项;结合“Seven and two”可知,7+2=9,故选A。

7. C

【解析】句意:她的新连衣裙200元。

考查价格表达。hundred与基数词连用时,不加s。“yuan”是货币计量单位,不可数。故选C。

8. C

【解析】句意:我们今年要种两百棵树。考查数词的用法。hundred表示确数时,没有复数形式,其前面需用具体的数词,后直接用可数名词复数;表示约数时,用hundreds of+可数名词复数表示成百上千的,故选C

9. B

【解析】句意:他们早上7:15去上学。

考查时间表达。a quarter past seven,意为七点一刻,即7:15。故选B。

10. B

【解析】句意:——在第二行有一个错误的单词。——哪里?——在第二行。

考查数词。two二;second第二。根据“in Line”可知,此处应用Two,表示“第二行”。结合“the...line”可知,此处应用second,表示“第二行”。故选B。

11. B

【解析】句意:我们年级的学生大约有三百人。

考查hundred用法。当hundred前有具体数词时,hundred用单数形式,后不用介词of;当hundred前没有具体数字时,要加s加of;hundreds of“成百上千的”,不指确数,故选B。

12. C

【解析】句意:我们班有29名学生,15个男生和14个女生。

考查基数词。fifteen十五;fourteen十四;twenty-nine二十九,根据后面的“15 boys and 14 girls”可知,应该是29名学生,故选C。

13. B

【解析】句意:——你的工作完成了吗?我想和你一起去购物。——我快写完了,但我得把这封邮件发给马克。请再给我五分钟。

考查非谓语动词和代词。finish doing sth,使用动名词作宾语,排除AD;another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数。故选B。

14. B

【解析】句意:——50加10是多少?——60。

考查数字运算。sixty60;fifty50;seventy70;thirty30。根据“What’s...and ten?”和“It’s sixty.”可知,50加10是60。故选B。

15. B

【解析】句意:——琳达,你们班有多少学生?——有30名学生,15个女孩和15个男孩。

考查数字运算。twenty二十;thirty三十;forty四十;fifty五十。根据“fifteen girls and fifteen boys”可知,班上一共有30名学生。故选B。

16. A

【解析】句意:由于COVID-19,全世界有超过1.68亿儿童的学校已经完全关闭。

考查大数的表达。大数表达时,此前有具体的基数词168修饰,大数使用原形,故选A。

17. C

【解析】句意:十一加一是多少?十二。

考查数字计算。seven七;fifteen十五;twelve十二;thirteen十三。根据常识可知11+1=12,故选C。

18. C

【解析】句意:每年上百万本书被捐献给贫困地区的孩子们。million意为“百万”,前有基数词时,million用原形;millions of意为“上百万的”,后接可数名词复数。选项BD形式错误,故排除。故选C项。

19. B

【解析】句意:四加三等于七。

考查数字计算。six六;seven七;eight八;nine九。根据计算可知,四加三等于七。故选B。

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