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南亚东南亚造像艺术专栏

南渚山房 刘冬

东南亚古代造像独立研究者

《南渚志》纪录片制片人《Southeast asia buddhist art sumatra&java suculptre 2022》

东南亚佛像苏门答腊与爪哇雕塑，作者黄岩博物馆《造像万千》台州博物馆《金木荟萃》策展人资深服饰配饰设计师德国红点设计奖获得者

Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva

Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva

Sitting Statue 

Central Java

观世音菩萨坐像;

中爪哇

（公元8-9世纪）

高32CM

此尊观世音菩萨具有典型印度那烂陀风格，属于中爪哇地区受那烂陀风格影响的作品。但体量比一般的那烂陀要大不少，铜胎厚重，也是爪哇造像的一大特点，菩萨呈游戏坐姿，端坐于束腰多层叠涩宝座莲台之上，整体皮壳轻微锈蚀，局部如腿间，背光与莲台缝隙处，依然能看到姜黄粉供养的遗存，除背光下缘火焰纹局部残缺，其余整体状态完好；

菩萨身躯三折姿，神态俱足，发髻为典型婆罗门特点，正面端坐阿弥陀佛一尊，发辫垂肩，开脸俊美，额中白毫，双目低垂，法像庄严，脖颈三道，肩膀挺阔，左手微曲支撑于莲台，执莲茎一支，莲茎悬空兜转，顶部一具经匣；右手顺势置于膝盖之上，结与愿印，手指结构清晰，肩膀一条披帛沿躯体起伏有致，腰间系结，下身着干幔,跣足，此为东南亚地区所特有着装，仰覆莲台下，亦生出一支莲茎，承托菩萨右足，左足置于莲台上，身体曲线优美，放松，可见工匠高超的造型技巧和对法像优美的表达，非常娴熟，臻于化境；

菩萨圆形背光，中间平面光洁，依次向外多层，炫纹，折叠纹，火焰纹，光轮，顶部菩提叶，伞盖顶部宝瓶状，伞盖上旋纹两圈，背部为插榫式样可活动拆卸；也有插榫样式但一体铸造的例子；同样，此尊底座样式在那烂陀造像也常见，莲台下一张挂毯垂于下方，金刚束腰宝座上仰覆莲台的形制亦有多种多样；

南渚山房《Southeast asia buddhist art sumatra&java suculptre 2022》图录里115页有辑录本尊造像。

This Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva has a typical Indian Nalanda style, which is a work influenced by Nalanda style in Central Java. However, its size is much larger than that of Nalanda, and its copper body is thick and heavy, which is also a major feature of Java statues. The Bodhisattva sat in a playful posture on the multi tiered throne lotus platform, with its overall skin slightly rusted. Some parts are like legs. At the gap between the backlight and the lotus platform, you can still see the remains of ginger powder. Except for the partial incomplete flame pattern at the lower edge of the backlight, the rest are in good condition;

Bodhisattva's body is in a three fold posture, and his demeanor is full of feet. His hair is typical of Brahman. He sits on the front of Amitabha Buddha, with his hair braids hanging down his shoulders, a beautiful face, white hair in his forehead, eyes drooping, his dharma image is solemn, his neck is three lines, and his shoulders are wide. His left hand is slightly bent to support the lotus platform, holding a lotus stem, the lotus stem is hanging in the air, and there is a scripture box on the top; The right hand is placed on the knee, with a knot and a wish mark. The finger structure is clear. A piece of silk on the shoulder undulates along the body. The waist is tied, and the lower body is covered with a dry mantle. The feet are bare. This is a unique dress in Southeast Asia. The lotus stem is also born under the lotus platform, supporting the Buddha's right foot. The left foot is placed on the lotus platform. The body is graceful and relaxed. It can be seen that the craftsman's superb modeling skills and beautiful expression of dharma images are very skilled, Reaching the realm of transformation;

This Guanyin Bodhisattva has a round backlight, the middle plane is smooth and clean, with several layers outward in turn, dazzle pattern, fold pattern, flame pattern, halo, bodhi leaf on the top, bottle shape on the top of umbrella cover, two circles of spiral pattern on the umb。

东南亚古代造像艺术

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