在中医的世界里，治法如同兵法，千变万化，却又万变不离其宗。梁世杰主任曾言，中医治病贵在出奇制胜，而这些治法正是建立在中医阴阳理论、整体观念之上的智慧结晶。今天，我们就来探秘三种极具特色的中医治法——提壶揭盖、逆流挽舟、补母泻子，它们不仅名字独特，背后更是蕴含着深刻的中医哲理和丰富的临床实践。

一、提壶揭盖：肺气宣通，二便自安

想象一下，一个茶壶盖子盖得严实，水流难以顺畅而出，但只要轻轻一揭，水便如泉涌般倾泻而下。这便是“提壶揭盖”的生动写照。在中医中，这个治法被巧妙地运用到了治疗二便不利的病症上。

然而，这里的“盖子”并非指头部，而是指肺部。中医认为，肺为“华盖”，主气司呼吸，主行水，与大肠互为表里。当二便不利时，往往与肺气宣降失常有关。因此，“提壶揭盖”治法便是通过开宣肺气，达到通利二便的目的。

举一个例子，当患者面部、四肢出现重度浮肿，甚至肚脐外凸，眼睛肿胀无法睁大，伴有气喘胸悸等症状时，这便是典型的二便不利、水肿严重的表现。此时，中医会采用宣通肺气、行水消肿的治法，如五苓散等方剂，通过宣肺利水，恢复肺与大肠的表里关系，使二便得以通畅，水肿得以消退。

二、逆流挽舟：透邪外出，稳舟避险

在古代，逆流而上，舟楫险象环生，但只要有智慧与勇气，总能化险为夷。中医中的“逆流挽舟”治法，便是将这种精神运用到了治疗痢疾等表里同病的病症上。

痢疾是一种由外邪入侵、内陷于里、气血失调所致的疾病。患者频繁泻下，如同被逆流冲刷的小船一般。此时，若不及时止泻、逐邪，后果将不堪设想。因此，“逆流挽舟”治法便是通过疏解发散，将内陷的邪祟拔出体表，并赶走，从而解决痢疾问题。

这一治法不仅适用于痢疾，还拓展到了表邪未解、脾虚气陷、表里同病等问题上，如现代常见的慢性结肠炎、胃肠型感冒、秋冬季腹泻等。治疗时，中医会采用如败毒散等方剂，通过扶正解表、辛散透表，使邪气反表而出，从而达到治愈疾病的目的。

三、补母泻子：母子相依，平衡阴阳

在中医理论中，五脏之间的关系被比喻成“母子关系”，生我者为母，我生者为子。基于这种关系，“补母泻子”治法应运而生。它是指在治疗疾病时，根据五行相生的原理，对母脏进行补益，对子脏进行泻泄，以达到平衡阴阳、调和气血的目的。

这一治法最初在针灸上应用广泛，后来也逐渐被应用到了汤剂治疗中。例如，当患者出现心虚火旺的症状时，中医会采用补母（肝）泻子（心）的治法，通过补益肝血、泻泄心火，达到平衡心肝两脏的目的。

补母泻子治法不仅适用于虚证和实证的治疗，还体现了中医“治未病”的思想。通过调整五脏之间的平衡关系，可以预防疾病的发生和发展，从而保持人体的健康状态。

结语

提壶揭盖、逆流挽舟、补母泻子，这三种中医治法不仅名字独特、寓意深远，更是中医智慧的生动体现。它们通过巧妙的比喻和深刻的哲理，将复杂的中医理论转化为易于理解和接受的治疗方法。在临床实践中，这些治法被广泛应用并取得了显著的疗效。它们不仅帮助我们解决了许多疑难杂症，更让我们深刻体会到了中医的博大精深和独特魅力。

作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京厚德为怀医生集团渐冻症研究中心主任，北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。

Hidden Traditional Chinese Medicine: Bringing a kettle to cover, running a boat, and supplementing a mother's diarrhea

In the world of Chinese medicine, the healing method is like the military method, which is constantly changing, but never deviates from its doctrine. Director Liang Shijie once said that healing diseases in Chinese medicine is very important to winning, and these treatments are wisdom crystallized on the yin and yang theory and holistic concept of Chinese medicine. Today, we will explore three very distinctive Chinese medicine treatments - carrying a kettle to hide, reverse flowing a boat, and supplementing mother's diarrhea. They are not only unique in name, but they also have deep Chinese philosophy and rich clinical practice behind them.

I. Lift the kettle to cover: the lungs are cleared, and I rest myself

Imagine a teapot with a tight lid that makes it difficult for the water to flow out smoothly, but with a tap, the water pours down like a spring. This is a vivid illustration of "bringing a kettle to cover up." In Chinese medicine, this treatment has been applied cleverly to treat unfavorable conditions of digestion.

However, the "cap" here does not refer to the head, but to the lungs. According to Chinese medicine, the lung is the "Huagai," the main breathing chamber, the main water chamber, and the large intestine are each other's surfaces. When digestion is unfavorable, it is often related to an abnormal reduction of lung air. Therefore, the method of "pulling the kettle to expose" is to achieve the purpose of digestion by opening the lung gas.

For example, when the patient experiences severe swelling in the face and limbs, even a bulge in the navel, swollen eyes cannot open, and there are symptoms such as wheezing and chest palpitations, this is a typical manifestation of unfavorable digestion and severe edema. At this time, traditional Chinese medicine will adopt the method of ventilating lung qi for diuresis, such as Wuling powder, etc., through ventilating lung qi for diuresis, restore the exterior and interior relationship between the lung and the large intestine, so that the two stools can be unobstructed, and the edema can be subsided.

II. Embracing the boat against the current: Go out through the evil, steady the boat to escape danger

In ancient times, against the current, dangerous ships abound, but with wisdom and courage, they could always be turned into disasters. This spirit is applied to the treatment of dysentery and other simultaneous superficies and interior syndromes.

Dysentery is a kind of disorder of qi and blood caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors, the internal organs and the internal organs. The patients frequently lay down, like a boat swept by reverse currents. At this time, if you do not stop diarrhea and exorcise evil in time, the consequences will be unimaginable. Therefore, the "reverse flow" treatment is to solve the problem of diarrhea by evacuating the spread, pulling the trapped evil out of the body and driving it away.

This method is not only applicable to dysentery, but also applied to the problems such as chronic colitis, gastrointestinal cold, diarrhea in autumn and winter, and simultaneous superficies and interior syndromes. During treatment, traditional Chinese medicine will use prescriptions such as sepsis and detoxification to cure the disease by helping the evil spirit to escape through the lining of the lining and through the meridian of the meridian.

III. Supplementation for maternal diarrhea: Mother and child are dependent to balance yin and yang

In TCM theory, the relationship between the five organs is likened to the "mother-child relationship," where the one born to me is the mother and the one bornto me is the son. Based on this relationship, the "Supplemental diarrhoea" treatment came into being. According to the theory of mutual generation of five phases, it is used to tonify the mother's viscera and to discharge the child's viscera, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing yin and yang and harmonizing qi and blood.

This treatment was initially widely used in acupuncture, and later it was gradually applied to soup treatment. For example, when a patient experiences symptoms of heart weakness and fever, traditional Chinese medicine will use the treatment of supplementation of the mother (liver) and laxative (heart) to achieve the goal of balancing the heart and liver by supplementing the liver blood and leaching the heart fire.

Reinforcing the mother and purging the child is not only suitable for the treatment of deficiency and excess, but also reflects the idea of "preventive treatment of disease" in TCM. By adjusting the balance between the five zang-organs, one can prevent illness and keep the state of health of the human body.

epilogue

Bringing a kettle to cover, running a boat, and supplementing a mother with diarrhea, these three Chinese medicine treatments are not only unique in name and profound in meaning, but also vivid manifestations of Chinese medicine wisdom. Through clever metaphors and profound philosophy, they transform complex traditional Chinese medicine theories into therapies that are easy to understand and accept. In clinical practice, these treatments have been widely used and achieved significant results. They not only helped us solve many difficult diseases, but also gave us a deep appreciation of the depth and unique charm of traditional Chinese medicine.

Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently the director of the Center for Diffusion Research of Dr. Houde Wei Group in Beijing, a researcher at the Shude Tang Institute of Chinese Medicine, and a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance work station of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023.