《地区冲突升级的担忧——以色列警告可能打响“多线战争”》

国防部长（约亚夫-加兰特）告诉以色列议会，该国受到来自加沙、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、约旦河西岸、伊拉克、也门和伊朗多地的袭击

《卫报》记者贝唐-麦克南12月26日15点07分发自耶路撒冷。

Fears of regional escalation as Israel warns of ‘multi-front’ war

Defence minister tells Knesset that country under attack from Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, Iraq, Yemen and Iran

Bethan McKernan in Jerusalem Tue 26 Dec 2023 15.07 EST

escalation：n.升级;增加;扩大;逐步上升;价格调整;

multi-front：多端的，多线的；

Knesset：以色列议会；

以色列国防部长表示，以色列目前正在进行一场“多线战争”，暗示随着暗示随着加沙地带战斗的进行，贯穿中东的军事行动显示出地区冲突风险加剧的新迹象。

Israel is engaged in a “multi-front war”, its defence minister has said, hinting at military operations across the Middle East as the war in Gaza showed new signs of a dangerous regional escalation.

military operations：军事行动；

约亚夫-加兰特周二在议会发表讲话说，以色列“在七个战区受到袭击：分别是加沙，黎巴嫩，叙利亚，犹太和撒玛利亚[以色列对约旦河西岸地区的称呼]，伊拉克，也门和伊朗”。

Speaking in parliament on Tuesday, Yoav Gallant said Israel was “coming under attack from seven theatres: Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Judea and Samaria [an Israeli term for the West Bank], Iraq, Yemen and Iran”.

theatre：战场；

Judea：犹太；

Samaria：撒玛利亚[以色列对约旦河西岸地区的称呼]；

term：称呼，叫做；

“我们已经在其中六个战场，做出了回应并采取了行动，”他告诉以色列议会，但没有具体说明战况和行动细节。

“We have already responded and taken action in six of these theatres,” he told the Knesset, without specifying.

specify 具体说明;明确规定;详述;详列;

自哈马斯于10月7日对以色列南部发动毁灭性袭击以来，中东各地的伊朗盟军民兵组织，袭击了以色列和美国在该地区的军事设施，造成1,140人死亡，多达250人为人质。

Iran-allied militias around the Middle East have attacked Israel and US military installations across the region since Hamas launched its devastating attack on southern Israel on 7 October, killing 1,140 people and taking up to 250 hostage.

militias：民兵组织;国民卫队;

take up：占有，占据；

devastating attack：毁灭性的打击；

以色列对哈马斯控制的加沙地带的报复性战争，已经成为 21 世纪最具破坏性的冲突之一，据估计，已有 20,600 多人丧生，55,000 人受伤，巴勒斯坦领土 230 万人中有 85% 被迫逃离家园。

Israel’s retaliatory war on the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip has already become one of the most destructive conflicts of the 21st century, with estimates suggesting more than 20,600 people have been killed, 55,000 injured, and 85% of the Palestinian territory’s 2.3 million people forced to flee their homes.

retaliatory 报复性的;反击的;

strip：条，带，带状地带；

flee：逃走；

destructive conflicts：破坏性的冲突；

自12月初为期7天的停火协议破裂以来，41公里乘12公里（25英里乘7英里）领土上的战斗愈演愈烈。周二，以色列军队连续第四天继续轰炸加沙地带中心的难民营，这显然表明以色列军队承诺扩大攻势。

Fighting in the 41km-by-12km (25 mile-by-7 mile) territory has intensified since a seven-day ceasefire collapsed at the beginning of December. Israeli forces continued to bombard refugee camps in the centre of the strip for a fourth day on Tuesday, in an apparent sign of its promised broadening of the offensive.

ceasefire n. (通常指永久性的)停火，停战;

intensify v.(使)加强，增强，加剧;强化;

collapse：崩溃，垮掉，降价，突然失败；

forces：力;力量;武力;暴力;巨大影响;强大效力;

refugee camps：难民营；

apparent：明显的，显然的；

broaden v. 增长(经验、知识等);变宽;(使)扩大影响;变阔;

加沙卫生部周二下午表示，过去24小时内共有241人死亡，382人受伤。该部没有区分平民和战斗人员的伤亡，但据估计，大约70%的伤亡人数是妇女和儿童。

A total of 241 people had been killed and 382 injured over the past 24 hours, the health ministry in Gaza said on Tuesday afternoon. The ministry does not differentiate between civilian and combatant casualties, but about 70% of the toll is estimated to be women and children.

differentiate：区分;区别;(尤指不公正地)差别对待，区别对待;辨别;求导;构成…间差别的特征;表明…间的差别;

civilian：n. 平民;老百姓;庶民;

combatant：n. 战斗人员;战士;参战者;

casualties：(战争或事故的)伤员，亡者，遇难者;受害者;急诊室;毁坏物;损坏物;

toll：n. (道路、桥梁的)通行费;(缓慢而有规律的)钟声;伤亡人数;(战争、灾难等造成的)毁坏;长途电话费;

此处的意思显然为=伤亡人数；

加沙难民营遭以色列炮击

加兰特周二发表评论之际，加沙的战争有可能蔓延到以色列和巴勒斯坦领土的边界之外。当天早些时候，埃及表示，一架无人机在红海度假城市达哈卜附近被击落，这是一个月内第二次发生此类事件。

Gallant’s comments on Tuesday came as the war in Gaza threatened to spill outside the borders of Israel and the Palestinian territories. Earlier in the day, Egypt said a drone was shot down near the Red Sea resort city of Dahab, the second such occurrence in a month.

spill：v. 溢出;(使)洒出;涌出;泼出;蜂拥而出;

spill outside：蔓延开来，扩散开来；

resort：求助;采取;度假胜地;旅游胜地;诉诸;应急措施;可首先(或最后)采取的手段;

resort city：度假城市；

occurrence n. 发生;出现;存在;发生的事情;存在的事物;

Dahab：达哈布;达哈卜;埃及在西奈半岛南部的海滨的度假城市，

这架无人机的来源尚不清楚，但也门的胡塞叛乱分子通过袭击国际船只扰乱了红海的全球贸易，并向以色列发射了无人机和导弹。

The drone’s origin was not immediately clear, but Yemen’s Houthi rebels have disrupted global trade in the Red Sea with attacks on international vessels, and have launched drones and missiles towards Israel.

Houthi：也门的胡赛武装；

rebel：叛乱者;叛逆者;造反者;反抗权威者;

周二晚些时候，胡塞武装声称对红海一艘集装箱船的导弹袭击以及试图用无人机袭击以色列负责。MSC地中海航运公司表示，在从沙特阿拉伯驶向巴基斯坦的途中，其船只United VIII遭到袭击，所幸没有造成船员受伤。胡塞武装发言人亚亚·萨雷亚（Yahya Sarea）在电视讲话中说，该组织瞄准了这艘船。他还说，与伊朗结盟的胡塞武装对埃拉特和以色列其他地区进行了军事行动，但他没有说是否有任何目标被击中。

Late on Tuesday, the Houthis claimed responsibility for a missile attack on a container ship in the Red Sea, and for an attempt to attack Israel with drones. MSC Mediterranean Shipping said there were no injuries to its crew from the attack on its ship, the United VIII, en route from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan. A Houthi military spokesperson, Yahya Sarea, said in a televised address the group had targeted the vessel. He also said the Houthis, which are aligned to Iran, had carried out a military operation targeting Eilat and other areas in Israel. He did not say whether any of the targets were hit.

container：容器;集装箱;货柜;

en route：在途中;在路上;

address： 演讲;演说; televised address：电视讲话；

align：结盟；使一致;排列;校准;(尤指)使成一条直线;排整齐;

carry out：进行;执行，实行;实施;贯彻;

Eilat：埃拉特;以色列南部港口城市，位于红海海滨，地处Dahab的北部；

周六，自加沙冲突爆发以来，美国国防部首次明确指责伊朗针对印度洋一艘化学品油轮的无人机袭击。

On Saturday, the US defence department explicitly blamed Iran for the first time since the Gaza conflict broke out for a drone attack targeting a chemical tanker in the Indian Ocean.

explicitly：明确地;明白地;

tanker：n. 油轮;罐车;油罐车;油槽车;运送大量液体或气体的轮船(或卡车);

周二的爆炸，发生在以色列在叙利亚首都大马士革郊外的一次空袭造成伊朗革命卫队一名高级将领死亡的第二天。伊朗在国家电视台发表声明说，以色列将“为这一罪行付出代价”。

Tuesday’s explosions occurred a day after an Israeli airstrike outside the Syrian capital of Damascus killed a senior general in Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. An Iranian statement on national television said Israel would “pay for this crime”.

airstrike：空袭，空中打击(该表达通常为袭击方所用);

Revolutionary Guards：革命卫队；

senior general：高级别将军；

在伊拉克，美国轰炸了与卡塔伊卜真主党有关的三个地点，这是一个伊朗支持的民兵组织，它指责无人机袭击造成三名驻扎在北部城市埃尔比勒的美国士兵受伤。空袭引起了伊拉克政府的强烈谴责。

In Iraq, the US bombed three sites associated with Kata’ib Hezbollah, an Iranian-backed militia it blamed for a drone strike that wounded three American soldiers based in the northern city of Erbil. The airstrikes drew sharp condemnation from the Iraqi government.

Hezbollah：真主党;黎巴嫩;黎巴嫩真主党；Kata’ib Hezbollah：卡塔伊卜真主党；

Erbil：埃尔比勒，伊拉克第4大城市，伊拉克北部库尔德斯坦地区的首府；

condemnation：谴责;指责；sharp condemnation：强烈谴责；

以色列外交部周二表示，在远离中东的印度，以色列驻新德里大使馆附近发生爆炸。印度和以色列官员正在调查爆炸原因，没有人受伤。

And far from the Middle East, in India, there was an explosion near the Israeli embassy in New Delhi, Israel’s foreign ministry said on Tuesday. Indian and Israeli officials are investigating the cause of the blast, in which no one was hurt.

embassy：大使馆(指馆舍);(统称)使馆官员;

blast： 爆炸;(爆炸引起的)气浪，冲击波;(吹奏乐器、哨子、汽车喇叭等突然发出的)响声，吹奏声，轰鸣;严厉的批评;热闹的聚会;突如其来的强劲气流;

此外（Separately意为分别地，此处是和上文的袭击事件并列关系，所以理解为“此外，另外”），自10月7日以来，以色列和伊朗支持的强大的黎巴嫩真主党，几乎每天都会越过边境进行导弹、空袭和炮击。黎巴嫩约有150人被杀，其中包括17名平民，以色列有11人被杀，其中包括4名平民。在幕后，美国正在领导紧张的谈判，试图缓和分隔两国的蓝线上的敌对行动，误判引发地区战争的风险最高。

Separately, Israel and the powerful Iran-backed Lebanese group Hezbollah have traded near-daily volleys of missiles, airstrikes and shelling across the frontier since 7 October. About 150 people in Lebanon have been killed, including 17 civilians, and 11 in Israel, including four civilians. Behind the scenes, the US is leading intense negotiations to try to de-escalate the hostilities on the Blue Line that separates the two countries, where the risk of miscalculation setting off a regional war is highest.

Separately：分别地;单独地;

near-daily ：几乎每天；

volley：v.截击;凌空抽射;拦截(空中球); n. 截击空中球;(子弹的)群射，齐发;凌空击球(或踢球);(石块的)齐投;(质问、评论、辱骂等的)接连发出;；

shell：v. 炮击;给…去壳;采集贝壳;从（对方投手）大量得分;为（吐顿养殖场等）铺设贝壳;

trade：交易，贸易，此处理解为“互射导弹”；

intense：强烈的;激烈的;很大的;尖锐的;热切的;严肃紧张的;有强烈感情(或意见、想法)的;

de-escalate ： 降级;（使）逐步降级;

hostility：n. 敌意;对抗;战争行为;(对思想、计划或情形的)愤怒反对，愤怒反抗;

miscalculation：n. 误判;计算错误；误算；判断错误;

尽管国际社会对加沙的人道主义灾难表示强烈抗议，包括以色列最重要的盟友美国越来越多的批评，但以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡表示，以色列将继续前进，直到对哈马斯取得“完全胜利”。他在周一访问加沙的以色列军队时重申，战斗“还没有接近结束”。

Despite increasing international outcry over the humanitarian disaster in Gaza, including growing criticism from Israel’s most important ally, the US, the prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has said Israel would push on until achieving “complete victory” over Hamas. He reiterated during a visit to Israeli troops in Gaza on Monday that the fight “isn’t close to finished”.

outcry：强烈的抗议;呐喊;喊叫;怒吼;

humanitarian：人道主义;人道主义者;慈善家;博爱主义者;

reiterated：重申;反复地说;

“我们不会停下来。战争将持续到最后，在我们结束战斗前，不会停止，“内坦尼亚胡说。

“We are not stopping. The war will continue until the end, until we finish it, no less,” he said.

no less：仍旧，同样，依然；

以色列表示，它尽其所能保护平民，并指责哈马斯利用加沙的人口作为人体盾牌 - 该组织否认这一指控。

Israel says it does what it can to protect civilians, and blames Hamas for using Gaza’s population as human shields – a charge the group denies.

charge： (商品和服务所需的)要价，收费;充电量，电荷;指控;主管;控告;任务;指责;谴责;炸药量;被照管的人;感染力;突然猛冲;

以色列军方周二下午发布命令，告诉加沙中部的Bureij，Nuseirat和Maghazi难民营的居民离开，尽管在战争早期将这些营地指定为“疏散区”，这意味着加沙地带的平民被迫在越来越小的地区寻求庇护。

Israel’s military issued orders on Tuesday afternoon telling residents of central Gaza’s Bureij, Nuseirat and Maghazi refugee camps to leave, despite designating the camps as “evacuation zones” earlier in the war, meaning that the strip’s civilians are being forced to seek shelter in ever-smaller areas.

designate：vt. 指定;命名;选定，指派，委任(某人任某职);指明;标示;标明;

evacuation zones：疏散区域；

ever-smaller： 愈来愈小的;

联合国人权办公室在一份声明中说：“我们对以色列军队继续轰炸加沙中部感到严重关切，自圣诞节前夕以来，以色列军队已经夺走了100多名巴勒斯坦人的生命。

The UN’s human rights office said in a statement: “We are gravely concerned about the continued bombardment of Middle Gaza by Israeli forces, which has claimed more than 100 Palestinian lives since Christmas Eve.”

gravely：严肃（重）地；沉重地；重大地;

加沙和约旦河西岸有68个难民营，其中大部分是为了安置1948年以色列建国后逃离家园的巴勒斯坦人而设立的。今天，他们人满为患，贫困，服务很少。

Gaza and the West Bank are home to 68 refugee camps, most of which were set up to house Palestinians who fled their homes after the creation of Israel in 1948. Today, they are overcrowded and poverty-stricken, with few services.

creation：n. 创造;创建;设立；创作;作品;世界;(尤指《圣经》所述由上帝)创造天地;

overcrowd：v. 使过度拥挤；把…塞得太满;

poverty-stricken：赤贫的;一贫如洗的;

加沙地带北半部的战斗似乎也很激烈，尽管以色列军队参谋长周末评估说，以色列几乎对加沙城拥有“完全的军事行动控制权”。

Fighting in the northern half of the strip also appears to be fierce, despite assessments from the Israeli army’s chief of staff over the weekend that Israel had near “total operational control” over Gaza City.

assessment：评估;评定;判定;看法;核定;核定的付款额;

chief of staff： (总)参谋长;

operational：adj. 操作的;业务的;运营的;运转的;军事行动的;可使用；total operational control：完全的军事行动控制权；

联合国的最新估计称，加沙约有四分之一的人口正在挨饿，而该领土的36家医院中只有9家在运作。医生们被伤员压得喘不过气来，缺乏基本的医疗用品，他们说，在许多情况下，他们被迫截肢，而这些肢体在不同情况下本可以挽救。

Around a quarter of Gaza’s population are starving, the UN’s latest estimate said, while only nine of the territory’s 36 hospitals are functioning. Doctors, overwhelmed with injured people and lacking basic medical supplies, say that in many cases they have been forced to amputate limbs that could have been saved under different circumstances.

function： 起作用;运转;正常工作;

amputate： 截肢;(用外科手术)切断;截(肢);

limb：肢;臂;腿;翼;翅膀;(树的)大枝，主枝;有…肢(或翼、翅膀)的；amputate limbs：截肢；

虽然自12月中旬以来，到达加沙的援助有所增加——每天约有200辆卡车——但援助机构表示，这仍然只是民众应对冬季所需物资的一小部分，而且由于战斗，援助物资难以分发。在冲突爆发之前，每天约有500辆货物和援助卡车进入该地区。

While since mid-December there has been an increase in aid reaching Gaza – about 200 trucks a day – aid agencies say this is still a fraction of what is needed for the population to cope with the winter, and is difficult to distribute aid because of the fighting. Before the conflict broke out, about 500 goods and aid trucks entered the territory every day.

agencies： (政府的)专门机构;(尤指)代理机构，经销机构;服务机构;

fraction： 小部分;分数;小数;少量;一点儿;

周二下午，电话和互联网线路似乎已被封锁，加沙的主要电信提供商PalTel宣布再次“完全中断服务”。这种停电现在很常见，尤其是在以色列大规模地面行动之前。

Phone and internet lines appeared to have been blocked on Tuesday afternoon, with Gaza’s main telecoms provider, PalTel, announcing another “complete interruption of service”. Such outages are now frequent, especially before big Israeli ground operations.

outages：停电(等)期间;

ground operations：地面行动；

最近几天，哈马斯使用简易爆炸装置、伏击和广泛的隧道网络给以色列国防军造成了重大损失，使被杀的以色列士兵总数达到156人。

Hamas cells using improvised explosive devices, ambushes and an extensive tunnel network have inflicted significant losses on the Israel Defense Forces in recent days, bringing the total number of Israeli soldiers killed to 156.

cell：政治小组，基层组织;

improvise：v. 即兴创作(音乐、台词、演讲词等);临时拼凑;临时做；可理解为自治的简易爆炸装置；

ambush：埋伏；

inflict：使遭受打击;使吃苦头;

周一晚上，以色列和哈马斯之间的主要调解人埃及提出的停火提议被双方拒绝。在卡塔尔的斡旋下，谈判在11月底达成了为期7天的停火，并释放了100名人质，以换取被关押在以色列监狱中的240名巴勒斯坦妇女和儿童，但谈判似乎也停滞不前。

A ceasefire proposal put forward by Egypt, a key mediator between Israel and Hamas, was rejected by both parties on Monday night. Talks mediated by Qatar, which led to a seven-day ceasefire at the end of November and the release of 100 hostages in exchange for 240 Palestinian women and children held in Israeli jails, also appear to have stalled.

ceasefire proposal：停火协议；

mediator： 调停者;斡旋者;解决纷争的人(或机构);

mediate：调停;调解;斡旋;促成(协议);使…可能发生;影响…的发生;为解决分歧找到(方法);

stall：(使)熄火，抛锚;拖住(以赢得时间做某事);故意拖延(以赢得时间);暂缓，停滞不前;