引言
早期胚胎的细胞具有适应和调节其命运以应对外界环境变化的能力。这种特征被称为可塑性,使细胞能够改变其分化轨迹,这是调节发育的标志。在小鼠中,二细胞阶段(2-cell-stage)的卵裂球能够从单个细胞产生一个完整的生物体【1,2】,此后,随着发育的推进,每个卵裂球的潜力逐渐受到限制【3-7】。
谱系特异性开始于桑葚胚压实后,形成环绕内细胞团 (inner cell mass,简称ICM) 的胚外滋养外胚层 (trophectoderm,简称TE)。胚泡的形成伴随着FGF/ERK介导的ICM细胞向外胚层 (epiblast,简称Epi) 分化,外胚层产生胚胎本身,或者是胚外原始内胚层 (primitive endoderm,简称PrE,也称为下胚层),随后形成顶胚层(parietal endoderm,简称PE) 和内脏内胚层 (visceral endoderm,简称VE)。通过实验手段,PrE保持比Epi更长的可塑性窗口,并且在正常发育期间,可以观察到PrE-to-Epi细胞的命运转换,但从未观察到相反的情况。到囊胚后期,这种可塑性丧失,随后发生谱系定型。但是,PrE在细胞可塑性中的具体功能仍旧不清楚。
近日,来自丹麦University of Copenhagen的Joshua M. Brickman研究组在Cell上发表了文章The primitive endoderm supports lineage plasticity to enable regulative development,发现PrE虽然通常被认为是一个简单的支持组织,但它具有再生完整囊胚以及移植后发育的能力。

参考文献
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排版|探索君
文章来源|“BioArt”
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