13. can / be able to
(1)can表示“本能”或能够,有一般时和过去时,后接动词原形一起构成谓语。
I can sing the English song.我会唱这首英语歌。A baby can cry when it is hungry.婴儿饿的时候会哭闹。
(2)be able to 后接动词原形,表示“能够”,多指一个人经过后天的努力从而获取的一种“能力”,有各种时态。
If you work hard, you will be able to master English.只要你努力,你一定能掌握好英语的。
14. catch a cold/ have a cold
一般情况下,这两个短语都表示“得了感冒,患了感冒”但有所侧重:
(1)catch a cold 强调动作。如:
It’s cold outside. Go into the house or you will catch a cold.外面冷。到房间里去吧,不然你会感冒的。
(2)have a cold 强调状态。
I have had a cold for several days and I can’t get rid of it.我感冒已经好几天了,可还是好不了。
15. die/ dead/ dying/ death
(1)die 是终止性动词,不用于被动语态。
He has died.他死了。He died five weeks ago.他五周前死的。
(2)dead是形容词,表状态,可以跟表示延续的时间状语连用。
His grandfather has been dead for five years.他的祖父去世已经有五年了。
(3)death是名词。
He was sentenced to death.他被判处死刑。
(4)dying意为“要死了”,是现在分词。试比较:
a dead dog 一条死(了的)狗
a dying dog 一条“濒临死亡”的狗
初中常见的die短语:die from/ of ……因……而死