《海洋预报》|浙江沿海基于浮标的有效波高分析和数值预报订正

国家海洋预报台 2024-07-31 18:40:25

浙江沿海基于浮标的有效波高分析和数值预报订正

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http://www.hyyb.org.cn/Magazine/Show.aspx?ID=3562

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作者:姚日升1 2 肖王星3 涂小萍3 朱佳敏4 周凯2 庞琦烨2

单位:1. 宁波市生态环境气象中心, 浙江 宁波 315012;2. 浙江省气象台, 浙江 杭州 310057;3. 宁波市气象台, 浙江 宁波 315012;4. 宁波市北仑区气象局, 浙江 宁波 315826

分类号:P731.33

出版年·卷·期(页码):2024·41·第三期(44-53)

摘要:基于 2010 年 10 月―2022 年 12 月浙江沿海 5 个浮标站观测资料和 2020—2022 年欧洲中期天气预报中心细网格模式海浪和海面10 m风预报资料,对浮标站的风、浪相关性进行分析,对有效波高预报进行评估和订正方法研究。0~240 h预报偏差和均方根误差表明:模式对远岸浮标的预报比实况稍偏大,对近岸浮标预报则略偏小,预报不稳定性随预报时效的延长而增大。远离海岸的浮标站24 h预报与实况的相关性高于近岸站,两者的相关系数分别约为0.94和0.85。有效波高预报存在一定系统偏差,且是预报误差的主要来源。近岸浮标有效波高预报值小于观测值,远岸浮标的预报值偏差则随着有效波高的增大由正转负,负偏差的绝对值逐渐增大。对于远岸浮标,仅针对有效波高进行预报和实况的一元一次回归就有很好的订正效果,但近岸浮标受地形影响大,海浪预报的误差更大,同时引入有效波高和 10 m 风速作为预报因子,进行二元一次回归的订正效果更好。订正方程应用到同类型的周边海区浮标站仍然有很好的订正效果,可推广到浙江沿海同类型海区。

关键词:有效波高 海面10 m风 数值预报 订正 浙江沿海

Abstract:Based on the observations of five buoys along the Zhejiang coast from October 2010 to December 2022, and sea wave and 10-meter wind forecasts of the European Medium-Range Weather Prediction Center fine grid model, the observed correlation between wind and wave is analyzed, the significant wave height (SWH) forecasting is verified and correction method is studied as well. Deviations and root mean square error (RMSE) of the 0~240 hour forecasts indicate that the SWH is slightly overestimated for the buoys away from the coastline, while a little bit underestimated for the near shore buoys. The forecasting instability increases along with the prolong of lead time. The correlated coefficients between the 24-hour forecasts and the observations of the buoys far away from the coastline are higher than those of the near shore buoys, with coefficients of 0.94 and 0.85, respectively. There exists systematic deviations for the SWH forecasting, which dominates the error sources for the buoys. The predicted SWHs of the near shore buoys are lower than observations, while the forecast biases of the buoys far away from the coastline change from positive to negative with the SWH increasing, and the greater the SWH, the more absolute biases received. It basically follows a linear regression between the predicted SWHs and observations for the buoys away from the coastline. While larger biases are recorded for the near shore buoys due to the influence of terrain, and a two-variable linear regression can get a better SWH correction result, with the predicted SWH and 10-meter speed as regression variables. The correction equations can achieve good results and can be applied to the locations similar to the buoys along the Zhejiang coast.

Key words:significant wave height; 10 m wind on the sea surface; numerical forecast; correction; Zhejiang coastal areas

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未来两天海洋环境预报

预计明天,

渤海有0.7到1.2米的轻浪;

黄海有1.0到1.5米的轻浪到中浪;

东海、钓鱼岛附近海域有1.2到1.7米的轻浪到中浪;

台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面、巴士海峡有1.2到1.5米的轻浪到中浪;

南海北部、中部有1.2到1.8米的轻浪到中浪;

南海南部有0.6到1.3米的轻浪到中浪;

北部湾有1.7到2.2米的中浪区。

预计后天,

我国近海无大浪区。

7月31日~8月4日西北太平洋海浪数值预报

美丽海岛海域海况

预计明天,

涠洲岛附近海域有2.1米的中浪,不适宜乘船出行和海岛游玩;

东极岛、南麂岛、川山群岛附近海域有1.8米的中浪,长山群岛、嵊泗列岛、普陀山、大陈岛、玉环岛、洞头岛、嵛山岛、平潭岛、万山群岛、海陵岛、分界洲岛、蜈支洲岛、永兴岛附近海域有1.3~1.7米的中浪,这些海岛较适宜乘船出行和海岛游玩;

我国其他美丽海岛附近海域都是轻浪,海况不错,非常适宜乘船出行和海岛游玩。

美丽海岛是指以下的35个海岛:

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